What is the World Wide Web?

The web, or “web,” is a collection of interconnected pages with specific information. Each such page can contain text, images, video, audio and other various objects. But besides this, there are so-called hyperlinks on web pages. Each such link points to another page, which is located on some other computer on the Internet.

Various information resources, which are interconnected by means of telecommunications and based on hypertext representation of data, form the World Wide Web, or WWW for short.

Hyperlinks link pages that are located on different computers located in different parts of the world. A huge number of computers that are united into one network is the Internet, and the “World Wide Web” is a huge number of web pages hosted on network computers.

Each web page on the Internet has an address - URL (Uniform Resource Locator - unique address, name). It is at this address that you can find any page.

How was the World Wide Web created?

On March 12, 1989, Tim Berners-Lee presented the project to CERN management unified system organization, storage and public access to information that was supposed to solve the problem of sharing knowledge and experience between the Center’s employees. The problem of access to information on different computers Berners-Lee proposed a solution for employees using browser programs that provide access to a server computer where hypertext information is stored. After the successful implementation of the project, Berners-Lee was able to convince the rest of the world to use common Internet communication standards using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Universal Markup Language (HTML) standards.

It should be noted that Tim Berners-Lee was not the first creator of the Internet. The first system of protocols that ensure data transfer between networked computers was developed by employees of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Vinton Cerf And Robert Kahn in the late 60s - early 70s of the last century. Berners-Lee only proposed using the capabilities of computer networks to create new system organizing information and accessing it.

What was the prototype of the World Wide Web?

Back in the 60s of the 20th century, the US Department of Defense set the task of developing a reliable information transmission system in case of war. The US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) proposed developing a computer network for this purpose. They called it ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). The project brought together four scientific institutions - the University of Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute and the Universities of Santa Barbara and Utah. All work was financed by the US Department of Defense.

First data transfer computer network took place in 1969. A Los Angeles University professor and his students tried to log into Stanford's computer and pass the word "login." Only the first two letters L and O were successfully transmitted. When they typed the letter G, the communication system failed, but the Internet revolution took place.

By 1971, a network with 23 users was created in the United States. The first program was developed to send Email over the network. And in 1973, University College London and the Civil Services in Norway joined the network, and the network became international. In 1977, the number of Internet users reached 100, in 1984 - 1000, in 1986 there were already more than 5,000, in 1989 - more than 100,000. In 1991, the World-Wide Web (WWW) project was implemented at CERN. In 1997, there were already 19.5 million Internet users.

Some sources indicate the date of the emergence of the World Wide Web a day later - March 13, 1989.

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World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web(English) World Wide Web) - a distributed system that provides access to interconnected documents located on different computers connected to the Internet. The word web is also used to refer to the World Wide Web. web"web") and the abbreviation WWW. The World Wide Web is the largest worldwide multilingual repository of information in electronic form: tens of millions of interconnected documents located on computers located around the globe. It is considered the most popular and interesting service on the Internet, which allows you to access information regardless of its location. To find out the news, learn something or just have fun, people watch TV, listen to the radio, read newspapers, magazines, and books. The World Wide Web also offers its users radio broadcasting, video information, press, books, but with the difference that all this can be obtained without leaving home. It doesn’t matter in what form the information you are interested in is presented ( Text Document, photograph, video or sound fragment) and where this information is located geographically (in Russia, Australia or the Ivory Coast) - you will receive it in a matter of minutes on your computer.

The World Wide Web is made up of hundreds of millions of web servers. Most of the resources on the World Wide Web are hypertext. Hypertext documents posted on the World Wide Web are called web pages. Several web pages that share a common theme, design, and links and are usually located on the same web server are called a website. To download and view web pages, special programs are used - browsers. The World Wide Web has caused a real revolution in information technology and the boom in Internet development. Often, when talking about the Internet, they mean the World Wide Web, but it is important to understand that they are not the same thing.

History of the World Wide Web

Tim Berners-Lee and, to a lesser extent, Robert Caillot are considered the inventors of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee is the originator of HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In 1980, he worked for the European Council for Nuclear Research (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, CERN) as a software consultant. It was there, in Geneva (Switzerland), that he wrote the Enquire program for his own needs, which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual basis for the World Wide Web.

In 1989, while working at CERN on the organization's intranet, Tim Berners-Lee proposed the global hypertext project now known as the World Wide Web. The project involved the publication of hypertext documents linked by hyperlinks, which would facilitate the search and consolidation of information for CERN scientists. To implement the project, Tim Berners-Lee (together with his assistants) invented URIs, the HTTP protocol, and the HTML language. These are technologies without which it is no longer possible to imagine the modern Internet. Between 1991 and 1993, Berners-Lee refined the technical specifications of these standards and published them. But, nevertheless, the official year of birth of the World Wide Web should be considered 1989.

As part of the project, Berners-Lee wrote the world's first web server, httpd, and the world's first hypertext web browser, called WorldWideWeb. This browser was also a WYSIWYG editor (short for What You See Is What You Get). Its development began in October 1990 and was completed in December of the same year. The program ran in the NeXTStep environment and began to spread across the Internet in the summer of 1991.

The world's first website was hosted by Berners-Lee on August 6, 1991, on the first web server, accessible at http://info.cern.ch/. The resource defined the concept of the World Wide Web, contained instructions for installing a web server, using a browser, etc. This site was also the world's first Internet directory, because Tim Berners-Lee later posted and maintained a list of links to other sites there.

Since 1994, the main work on the development of the World Wide Web has been taken over by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), founded and still led by Tim Berners-Lee. This consortium is an organization that develops and implements technology standards for the Internet and the World Wide Web. W3C Mission: “Unleash the full potential of the World Wide Web by establishing protocols and principles to ensure the long-term development of the Web.” Two other major goals of the consortium are to ensure full “internationalization of the Web” and to make the Web accessible to people with disabilities.

The W3C develops common principles and standards for the Internet (called “recommendations”, English W3C Recommendations), which are then implemented by software and hardware manufacturers. In this way, compatibility is achieved between software products and equipment of different companies, which makes the World Wide Web more advanced, universal and convenient. All recommendations of the World Wide Web consortium are open, that is, they are not protected by patents and can be implemented by anyone without any financial contributions to the consortium.

Structure and principles of the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In its simplest form, such a program receives an HTTP request for a specific resource over the network, finds the corresponding file on the local hard drive and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More sophisticated web servers are capable of dynamically generating documents in response to an HTTP request using templates and scripts.

To view information received from the web server, go to client computer a special program is used - a web browser. The main function of a web browser is to display hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Internet is hypertext.

To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web, HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is traditionally used. The work of creating (marking up) hypertext documents is called layout, it is done by a webmaster or a separate markup specialist - a layout designer. After HTML markup, the resulting document is saved to a file, and such HTML files are the main type of resources on the World Wide Web. Once an HTML file is made available to a web server, it is called a “web page.” A collection of web pages makes up a website.

The hypertext of web pages contains hyperlinks. Hyperlinks help World Wide Web users easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on local computer or on a remote server. To determine the location of resources on the World Wide Web, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are used. For example, the full URL home page The Russian section of Wikipedia looks like this: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_page. Such URL locators combine URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) ​​identification technology and the DNS (Domain Name System) domain name system. The domain name (in this case ru.wikipedia.org) as part of the URL designates the computer (more precisely, one of its network interfaces) that executes the code of the desired web server. The URL of the current page can usually be seen in the browser's address bar, although many modern browsers prefer to show only Domain name current site.

World Wide Web Technologies

To improve the visual perception of the web, CSS technology has become widely used, which allows you to specify uniform styles design for many web pages. Another innovation worth paying attention to is the URN (Uniform Resource Name) resource naming system.

A popular concept for the development of the World Wide Web is the creation of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an add-on to the existing World Wide Web, which is designed to make information posted on the network more understandable to computers. The Semantic Web is a concept of a network in which every resource in human language would be provided with a description that a computer can understand. The Semantic Web opens up access to clearly structured information for any application, regardless of platform and regardless of programming languages. Programs will be able to find the necessary resources themselves, process information, classify data, identify logical connections, draw conclusions and even make decisions based on these conclusions. If widely adopted and implemented wisely, the Semantic Web has the potential to spark a revolution on the Internet. To create a machine-readable description of a resource on the Semantic Web, the RDF (Resource Description Framework) format is used, which is based on XML syntax and uses URIs to identify resources. New in this area are RDFS (RDF Schema) and SPARQL (Protocol And RDF Query Language), a new query language for fast access to RDF data.

Basic terms used on the World Wide Web

Working with the browser

Today, ten years after the invention of the HTTP protocol, which formed the basis of the World Wide Web, the browser is a highly complex piece of software that combines ease of use and a wealth of capabilities.
The browser not only opens the user to the world of hypertext resources on the World Wide Web. It can also work with other web services such as FTP, Gopher, WAIS. Along with the browser, a program for using e-mail and news services is usually installed on the computer. Essentially, the browser is the main program for accessing Internet services. Through it you can access almost any Internet service, even if the browser does not support working with this service. For this purpose, specially programmed web servers are used that connect the World Wide Web with this Network service. An example of this kind of web servers is numerous free mail servers with a web interface (see http://www.mail.ru)
Today there are many browser programs created by various companies. The most widely used and recognized browsers are Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. It is these browsers that constitute the main competition with each other, although it is worth noting that these programs are similar in many ways. This is understandable, because they work according to the same standards - Internet standards.
Working with the browser begins with the user typing in the address bar (address) the URL of the resource he wants to access and pressing the Enter key.

The browser sends a request to the specified Internet server. As elements of the user-specified web page arrive from the server, it gradually appears in the working browser window. The process of receiving page elements from the server is displayed in the bottom “status” line of the browser.

Text hyperlinks contained in the resulting web page are typically highlighted in a different color from the rest of the document text and are underlined. Links pointing to resources that the user has not yet viewed and links to resources that have already been visited usually have different colors. Images can also function as hyperlinks. Regardless of whether the link is a text link or a graphic link, if you hover your mouse over it, its shape will change. At the same time, the address to which the link points will appear in the browser status bar.

When you click on a hyperlink, the browser opens the resource to which it points in the working window, and the previous resource is unloaded from it. The browser keeps a list of viewed pages and the user, if necessary, can go back along the chain of viewed pages. To do this, click on the "Back" button in the browser menu - and it will return to the page you were viewing before opening the current document.
Each time you click this button, the browser will go back one document in the list of visited documents. If you suddenly go back too far, use the "Forward" button in the browser menu. It will help you move forward through the list of documents.
The "Stop" button will stop loading the document. The "Reload" button allows you to reload the current document from the server.
The browser can only show one document in its window: to display another document, it unloads the previous one. It is much more convenient to work in several browser windows at the same time. Opening a new window is done using the menu: File – New – Window (or the key combination Ctrl+N).

Working with a document

The browser allows you to perform a set of standard operations on a document. The web page loaded into it can be printed (in Internet Explorer this is done using the “Print” button or from the menu: File – Print...), saved to disk (menu: File – Save As...). You can find the piece of text you are interested in in the loaded page. To do this, use the menu: Edit – Find on this page.... And if you are interested in what this document looks like in the original hypertext that the browser processed, select from the menu: View - As HTML.
When, while browsing the Internet, a user finds a page that is particularly interesting to him, he uses the ability provided in browsers to set bookmarks (similar to bookmarks that mark interesting parts of a book).
This is done through the menu: Favorites – Add to Favorites. After that new bookmark appears in the list of bookmarks, which can be viewed by clicking the “Favorites” button on the browser panel or through the Favorites menu.
Existing bookmarks can be deleted, edited, or organized into folders using the menu: Favorites – Organize favorites.

Working through a proxy server

Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer also provide a mechanism for embedding additional features independent manufacturers. Modules that extend the capabilities of the browser are called plug-ins.
Browsers run on computers running a wide variety of operating systems. This gives grounds to talk about the independence of the World Wide Web from the type of computer and operating system used by the user.

Searching for information on the Internet

Recently, the World Wide Web has been seen as a new powerful tool mass media, whose audience is the most active and educated part of the planet’s population. This vision corresponds to the real state of affairs. On days of significant events and upheavals, the load on network news nodes increases sharply; in response to reader demand, resources dedicated to the incident that just happened instantly appear. Thus, during the August crisis of 1998, news appeared on the Internet page of the CNN television and radio company (http://www.cnn.com) much earlier than the Russian media reported about them. At the same time, the RIA RosBusinessConsulting server (http://www.rbc.ru), which provides the latest information from financial markets and the latest news, became widely known. Many Americans watched the vote to impeach US President Bill Clinton online rather than on their television screens. The development of the war in Yugoslavia was also immediately reflected in a variety of publications reflecting a variety of points of view on this conflict.
Many people who are more familiar with the Internet by hearsay believe that you can find any information on the Internet. This is true in the sense that there you can come across the most unexpected resources in form and content. Really, modern network is able to offer its user a lot of information of a wide variety of profiles. Here you can get acquainted with the news, have an interesting time, and gain access to a variety of reference, encyclopedic and educational information. It is only necessary to emphasize that although the overall information value of the Internet is very great, the information space itself is heterogeneous in terms of quality, since resources are often created in haste. If, when preparing a paper publication, its text is usually read by several reviewers and adjustments are made to it, then on the Internet this stage of the publishing process is usually absent. So, in general, information gleaned from the Internet should be treated with slightly more caution than information found in a printed publication.
However, the abundance of information also has a negative side: as the amount of information grows, it becomes more and more difficult to find the information that is needed at the moment. Therefore, the most important problem that arises when working with the Network is to quickly find the necessary information and understand it, to evaluate the information value of a particular resource for your purposes.

To solve the search problem necessary information There is a separate type of network service on the Internet. We are talking about search servers, or search engines.
Search servers are quite numerous and varied. It is customary to distinguish between search indexes and directories.
Index servers They work as follows: they regularly read the content of most web pages on the Internet (“index” them), and place them in whole or in part into a common database. Search server users have the ability to search this database using keywords related to the topic of interest to them. The search results usually consist of excerpts of pages recommended for the user's attention and their addresses (URL), formatted as hyperlinks. It is convenient to work with search servers of this type if you have a clear idea of ​​the subject of your search.
Directory servers In essence, they represent a multi-level classification of links, built on the principle of “from general to specific.” Sometimes links are accompanied by a brief description of the resource. As a rule, you can search in the names of headings (categories) and descriptions of resources using keywords. Catalogs are used when they don’t know exactly what they are looking for. Moving from the most general categories to more specific ones, you can determine which particular Internet resource you should familiarize yourself with. It is appropriate to compare search catalogs with thematic library catalogs or classifiers. The maintenance of search catalogs is partially automated, but until now the classification of resources is carried out mainly manually.
Search directories are common appointments And specialized. Search directories general purpose include resources of a wide variety of profiles. Specialized directories combine only resources devoted to a specific topic. They often manage to achieve better coverage of resources in their field and build more adequate categories.
Recently, general-purpose search directories and indexing search servers have been intensively integrated, successfully combining their advantages. Search technologies also do not stand still. Traditional indexing servers search a database for documents containing keywords from the search query. With this approach, it is very difficult to assess the value and quality of the resource provided to the user. An alternative approach is to look for web pages that are linked to by other resources on the topic. The more links to a page there are on the Web, the more likely you are to find it. This kind of meta-search is carried out by a search engine. Google server (http://www.google.com/), which appeared quite recently, but has already proven itself to be excellent.

Working with search servers

Working with search servers is not difficult. In the address bar of the browser, type its address, in the query line, type in the desired language the keywords or phrase corresponding to the resource or resources of the Network that you want to find. Then click on the "Search" button and working window browser loads the first page with search results.

Typically, a search server produces search results in small portions, for example, 10 per search page. Therefore, they often take up more than one page. Then under the list of recommended links there will be a link offering to move to the next “portion” of search results (see figure).

Ideally, the search server will place the resource you are looking for on the first page of search results, and you will immediately recognize the desired link from the short description. However, you often have to look through several resources before finding the right one. Typically, the user views them in new browser windows without closing the browser window with the search results. Sometimes searching and viewing found resources is carried out in the same browser window.
The success of searching for information directly depends on how competently you composed your search query.
Let's look at a simple example. Let's say you want to buy a computer, but you don't know what modifications exist today and what their characteristics are. To obtain the required information, you can use the Internet by asking a search engine. If we enter the word “computer” in the search bar, the search result will be more than 6 million (!) links. Naturally, among them there are pages that meet our requirements, but it is not possible to find them among such a large number.
If you write “what modifications of computers exist today,” the search server will offer you to view about two hundred pages, but none of them will strictly correspond to the request. In other words, they contain individual words from your request, but they may not be talking about computers at all, but, say, about existing modifications of washing machines or about the number of computers available in a company’s warehouse on that day.
In general, it is not always possible to successfully ask a question to a search server the first time. If the query is short and contains only frequently used words, a lot of documents can be found, hundreds of thousands and millions. On the contrary, if your request turns out to be too detailed or very rare words are used, you will see a message stating that no resources matching your request were found in the server database.
Gradually narrowing or expanding the focus of your search by increasing or decreasing the list of keywords, replacing unsuccessful search terms with more successful ones will help you improve search results.
In addition to the number of words, their content plays an important role in the query. The keywords that make up a search query are usually simply separated by spaces. It is important to remember that different search engines interpret this differently. Some of them select only documents containing all keywords for such a request, that is, they perceive the space in the request as a logical connective “and”. Some interpret the space as a logical "or" and search for documents that contain at least one of the keywords.
When forming a search query, most servers allow you to explicitly specify logical connectives that combine keywords and set some other search parameters. Logical connectives are usually denoted using the English words "AND", "OR", "NOT". Different search servers use different syntax when forming an extended search query - the so-called query language. Using a query language, you can specify which words must appear in the document, which should not be present, and which are desirable (that is, they may or may not exist).
As a rule, modern search engines use all possible word forms of the words used when searching. That is, no matter in what form you used the word in the query, the search takes into account all its forms according to the rules of the Russian language: for example, if the query is “go”, then the search result will find links to documents containing the words “go” , “goes”, “walked”, “went”, etc.
Usually on title page search server there is a “Help” link, by accessing which the user can familiarize himself with the search rules and query language used on this server.
Another very important point is choosing a search server that is suitable for your tasks. If you are looking for any specific file, then it is better to use a specialized search server that indexes not web pages, but file archives on the Internet. An example of such search servers is FTP Search (http://ftpsearch.lycos.com), and to search for files in Russian archives it is better to use the Russian analogue - http://www.filesearch.ru.
To search for software, use software archives such as http://www.tucows.com/, http://www.windows95.com, http://www.freeware.ru.
If the web page you are looking for is located on the Russian part of the Internet, it may be worth using Russian search engines. They work better with Russian speakers search queries, equipped with an interface in Russian.
Table 1 provides a list of some of the most well-known general purpose search engines. All of these servers currently offer both full-text and category search, thus combining the advantages of an indexing server and a directory server.

Http, which will allow you to support a long-term connection, data transmission in multiple streams, distribution of data transmission channels and their management. If it is implemented and supported by standard WWW software, it will eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages. Another way is to use navigators that can locally execute programs in interpreted languages, such as Sun Microsystems' Java project. Another solution to this problem is to use AJAX technology, based on XML and JavaScript. This allows you to receive additional data from the server when the WWW page has already been loaded from the server.

Currently, there are two trends in the development of the World Wide Web: the semantic web and

There is also a popular concept Web 2.0, which summarizes several directions of development of the World Wide Web.

Web 2.0

The development of the WWW has recently been significantly carried out through the active introduction of new principles and technologies, collectively called Web 2.0 (Web 2.0). The term Web 2.0 itself first appeared in 2004 and is intended to illustrate the qualitative changes in the WWW in the second decade of its existence. Web 2.0 is a logical improvement of the Web. Main feature is to improve and speed up the interaction of websites with users, which has led to a rapid increase in user activity. This showed up in:

• participation in Internet communities (in particular, in forums);
• posting comments on websites;
• maintaining personal journals (blogs);
• placing links on the WWW.

Web 2.0 introduced active data exchange, in particular:

• export news between sites;
• active aggregation of information from websites.
• using an API to separate site data from the site itself

From the point of view of website implementation, Web 2.0 increases the requirements for the simplicity and convenience of websites for ordinary users and is aimed at a rapid decline in user qualifications in the near future. Compliance with the list of standards and consensuses (W3C) is brought to the fore. This is in particular:

• standards for the visual design and functionality of websites;
• standard requirements (SEO) of search engines;
• XML and open information exchange standards.

On the other hand, Web 2.0 has dropped:

• requirements for “brightness” and “creativity” of design and content;
• needs for comprehensive websites ([http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1 %82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB ]);
• the importance of offline advertising;
• business interest in large projects.

Thus, Web 2.0 recorded the transition of the WWW from single, expensive complex solutions to highly typed, cheap, easy-to-use sites with the ability to effectively exchange information. The main reasons for this transition were:

• critical lack of quality information content;
• the need for active self-expression of the user on the WWW;
• development of technologies for searching and aggregating information on the WWW.

The transition to a set of Web 2.0 technologies has such consequences for the global information space WWW like:

• the success of the project is determined by the level of active communication between project users and the level of quality of information content;
• websites can achieve high performance and profitability without large investments due to successful positioning on the WWW;
• individual WWW users can achieve significant success in implementing their business and creative plans on the WWW without having their own websites;
• the concept of a personal website is inferior to the concept of “blog”, “author’s column”;
• fundamentally new roles for active WWW users appear (forum moderator, authoritative forum participant, blogger).

Web 2.0 Examples
Here are a few examples of sites that illustrate Web 2.0 technologies and that have actually changed the WWW environment. This is in particular:

In addition to these projects, there are other projects that shape the modern global environment and are based on the activity of their users. Sites, the content and popularity of which are formed, first of all, not by the efforts and resources of their owners, but by a community of users interested in the development of the site, constitute a new class of services that determine the rules of the global WWW environment.

The World Wide Web(English) World Wide Web) - a distributed system that provides access to

related documents located on different computers connected to the Internet. The World Wide Web is made up of millions of web servers. Most of the resources on the World Wide Web are hypertext. Hypertext documents posted on the World Wide Web are called web pages. Several web pages, united by a common theme, design, as well as interconnected links and usually located on the same web server, are called a website. To download and view web pages, special programs are used - browsers. The World Wide Web has caused a real revolution in information technology and a boom in the development of the Internet. Often, when talking about the Internet, they mean the World Wide Web, but it is important to understand that they are not the same thing. The word is also used to refer to the World Wide Web web(English) web) and abbreviation WWW.

Structure and principles of the World Wide Web

Graphic representation of information on the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the hard drive protocol and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More complex web servers are capable of dynamically allocating resources in response to an HTTP request. To identify resources (often files or parts thereof) on the World Wide Web, uniform English resource identifiers are used. Uniform Resource Identifier). To determine the location of resources on the network, uniform English resource locators are used. Uniform Resource Locator). Such URL locators combine URI identification technology and the English domain name system. Domain Name System) - domain name (or directly. The main function of a web browser is to display hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Internet is hypertext. To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web it is traditionally used language English HyperText Markup Language), hypertext markup language. The work of marking up hypertext is called layout; the markup master is called a webmaster or webmaster (without a hyphen). After HTML markup, the resulting hypertext is placed in a file; such an HTML file is the most common resource on the World Wide Web. Once an HTML file is made available to a web server, it is called a “web page.” A collection of web pages makes up a website. Hyperlinks are added to the hypertext of web pages. Hyperlinks help World Wide Web users easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on the local computer or on a remote server. Web hyperlinks are based on URL technology.

World Wide Web Technologies

In general, we can conclude that the World Wide Web is based on “three pillars”: HTTP, HTML and URL. Although recently HTML has begun to lose its position somewhat and give way to more modern markup technologies: XML. XML eXtensible Markup Language) is positioned as a foundation for other markup languages. To improve the visual perception of the web, CSS technology has become widely used, which allows you to set uniform design styles for many web pages. Another innovation worth paying attention to is the English resource designation system. Uniform Resource Name).

A popular concept for the development of the World Wide Web is the creation of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an add-on to the existing World Wide Web, which is designed to make information posted on the network more understandable to computers. The Semantic Web is a concept of a network in which every resource in human language would be provided with a description that is understandable to a computer.. The Semantic Web opens up access to clearly structured information for any application, regardless of platform and regardless of programming languages. Programs will be able to find the necessary resources themselves, process information, classify data, identify logical connections, draw conclusions and even make decisions based on these conclusions. If widely adopted and implemented wisely, the Semantic Web has the potential to spark a revolution on the Internet. To create a computer-readable description of a resource, the Semantic Web uses the RDF (English) format. Resource Description Framework ), which is based on the syntax of English. RDF Schema) and English Protocol And RDF Query Language ) (pronounced "sparkle"), a new query language for fast access to RDF data.

History of the World Wide Web

Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cayo are considered the inventors of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee is the originator of HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In the year he worked in France. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, Geneva (Switzerland), he wrote the Enquire program for his own needs. "Enquire", can be loosely translated as "Interrogator"), which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web.

There is also a popular concept Web 2.0, which summarizes several directions of development of the World Wide Web.

Methods for actively displaying information on the World Wide Web

Information on the web can be displayed either passively (that is, the user can only read it) or actively - then the user can add information and edit it. Methods for actively displaying information on the World Wide Web include:

It should be noted that this division is very arbitrary. So, say, a blog or guest book can be considered a special case of a forum, which, in turn, is a special case of a content management system. Usually the difference is in the purpose, approach and positioning one or another product.

Some information from websites can also be accessed through speech. India has already begun testing a system that makes the text content of pages accessible even to people who cannot read and write.

Organizations involved in the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet in general

Links

• Berners-Lee's famous book "Weaving the Web: The Origins and Future of the World Wide Web" online in English

Literature

• Fielding, R.; Gettys, J.; Mogul, J.; Fristik, G.; Mazinter, L.; Leach, P.; Berners-Lee, T. (June 1999). " Hypertext Transfer Protocol - http://1.1". Request For Comments 2616. Information Sciences Institute.
• Berners-Lee, Tim; Bray, Tim; Connolly, Dan; Cotton, Paul; Fielding, Roy; Jeckle, Mario; Lilly, Chris; Mendelsohn, Noah; Orcard, David; Walsh, Norman; Williams, Stuart (December 15, 2004). " Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One". Version 20041215. W3C.
• Polo, Luciano World Wide Web Technology Architecture: A Conceptual Analysis. New Devices(2003). Retrieved July 31 2005.

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what "World Wide Web" is in other dictionaries:

World-Wide Web

World wide web- Ne doit pas être confondu avec Internet. Le World Wide Web, littéralement la “toile (d’araignée) mondiale”, communément appelé le Web, parfois la Toile ou le WWW, est un système hypertexte public fonctionnant sur Internet et qui … Wikipédia en Français

World Wide Web- ˌWorld ˌWide ˈWeb written abbreviation WWW noun the World Wide Web COMPUTING a system that allows computer users to easily find information that is available on the Internet, by providing links from one document to other documents, and to files… … Financial and business terms