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>>Informatics: Creating documents in text editors
Creating documents in text editors
Text editors.
To process text information on a computer, they are used text editors, which allow you to create, edit, format, save and print documents. Simple text editors (for example, the standard Windows Notepad application) allow you to edit text, as well as carry out simple formatting font. More advanced text editors (for example, Microsoft Word and OpenOffice Writer) have a wide range of capabilities for creating documents (inserting lists and tables, spell checking tools, saving corrections, etc.). To prepare for the publication of books, magazines and newspapers and the process of layout of the publication, powerful text processing programs are used - desktop publishing systems (for example, Corel Venture). Web editors (for example, the Composer included in the integrated SeaMonkey Internet application) are used to prepare Web pages and Web sites for publication on the Internet.
Methods for creating documents.
In text, wizards are used to create many types of documents with complex structures (letters, resumes, faxes, etc.). Developing a document using a wizard is done by entering the necessary data into sequentially appearing dialog boxes. Documents can be created using templates, i.e. blank document templates for a specific purpose. A template defines the structure of a document, which the user fills in with specific content. Word processors have extensive libraries of templates for creating documents for various purposes (business card, abstract, etc.). However, in most cases, documents are created using a blank New Document template, which the user fills in with content as they see fit.
Selecting page options. Any document consists of pages, so at the beginning of working on the document you need to set the page parameters: format, orientation and margin sizes. The format of a document's pages determines their size. Orientation allows you to select the position of the page on the monitor screen. There are two possible page orientations - portrait and landscape. On the page, you can set the required margin sizes (top and bottom, right and left), which determine the distance from the edges of the page to the text border. It is recommended that document pages be numbered, and numbers can be placed at the top or bottom of the page, centered, on the right or left.
Entering text.
256 or 65,536 characters can be used to represent texts, but some characters cannot be entered from the keyboard computer. Character tables are used to enter some mathematical symbols, Greek letters, currency symbols, and many other symbols.
Insert images, formulas, and other objects into a document.
Most modern documents contain not only text, but also other objects (images, formulas, tables, charts, etc.). Text editors allow you to insert into a document images created in graphics editors, tables and charts created in spreadsheets, and even audio and video files created in corresponding applications. Headers and footers and page numbers. To display the same text on each page of a document (for example, the author's name, document title, etc.), it is convenient to use a header or footer. The distance from the edge of the page to the footer can be changed.
Copying, moving and deleting document fragments.
Editing document is done by copying, moving or deleting selected characters or fragments of the document. Copying allows you to reproduce a selected fragment of a document, i.e., insert copies of it into specified places in the document. Move allows you to paste copies of the selection in the document at specified locations in the document, but deletes the selection itself. Delete allows you to delete the selected fragment.
Search and replace.
While working on a document, sometimes it is necessary to replace one repeatedly used word with another. If you do this manually, the replacement process will take a lot of time and effort. Most word processors have a Find and Replace operation that automatically searches and replaces words throughout the document.
Spell check.
During the process of creating a document, errors may be made in the spelling of words and in the construction of sentences. Errors can be corrected by running the built-in spell checker in many word processors, which contains spelling dictionaries and grammar rules for several languages (this allows you to correct errors in multilingual documents).
Auto-correct common typos.
When entering text, typos are sometimes made (for example, TWO capital letters are accidentally entered at the beginning of a word). In this case, the AutoCorrect function works, which automatically corrects such typos.
Saving corrections.
Several users can participate in the process of working on a document. The corrections each makes are remembered and can be viewed and printed (inserted text is usually shown in blue underlined font, and deleted text is shown in red strikethrough font).
Saving documents.
When saving a document, you must select the drive and folder in the hierarchical file system of your computer in which the document file needs to be saved. Additionally, you must select a file format, which determines how the text is stored in the file. There are universal text file formats (such as TXT, RTF, DOC and HTML) that can be read by most text editors, and native formats (such as ORT) that are used only by a specific text editor, OpenOffice Writer.
Printing documents.
Before printing a document, it is useful to preview the document; this allows you to see how the document will look when printed on paper using a printer connected to your computer. When printing a document, you need to set the printing parameters: set the numbers of pages to be printed, the number of copies of the document, etc. In addition, it is advisable to check the settings of the printer itself: paper orientation, paper quality, print quality, etc.
Computer science and ICT: Textbook for 10th grade. N.D. Ugrinovich
MODULE 2. MICROSOFT WORD XP TEXT EDITOR
LECTURE 1. CREATION AND EDITING OF A TEXT DOCUMENT
Firm Microsoft supplies software packageMicrosoft Office , which includes the company's most used business programs. Software package Microsoft Office not includedWindows . This means that it must be installed additionally. As a rule, if the software package Microsoft Office installed, the toolbar appears on the desktop Microsoft Office.
Microsoft Office XP comes in two versions: standard and professional. The package includes the following applications:
Microsoft Excel XP – a table editor that allows you to create, design and calculate tables of any complexity.
Microsoft Word XP – modern text editor.
Microsoft PowerPoint XP – allows you to prepare materials for presentation. The program uses information from other programs in the packageMicrosoft Office .
Microsoft Outlook XP – an information system that provides storage and exchange of information with other network users.
Microsoft Access XP (professional version only) – relational database.
Firm Microsoft created a software package based on the interaction of the applications included in the package. This allows you to create integrated documents that draw on data from different applications. The user moves from one application to another, almost without noticing it. Package programs Microsoft Office characterized by numerous common features of the interface (method of communication).
Launching Word
To launch Microsoft Word:
1. click on the button Start in the taskbar;
2. in the main menu that appears Windows hover over the line Programs;
3. In its menu, left-click on the line Microsoft Word. Starts Word and a document is created, which by default is called Document1.
To create a document Word in the folder window, you need to open the menu File folder window, hover over the line Create and in its menu left-click on the line Microsoft Document Word. The same can be done by opening the context menu of the folder window by hovering the cursor over the item Create and in the next menu by clicking on the line Microsoft Document Word. A file is created in the folder window, which by default is called Microsoft Document Word. By double-clicking with the left mouse button on its icon or pressing the keyEnter, when the file is selected, open the file to work with it.
Word window
WindowWord consists of 2 parts - a program window and a document window into which you can enter text. The Word window contains various elements (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Word window elements
Description of Word window elements
| Window element | Purpose |
| Workspace | This displays a document in which you can enter and edit text. |
| Menu bar | This line displays the menu names (File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, Help) that provide access to their commands |
| Toolbars | Toolbar buttons allow you to execute common commands with a left-click. By default, two toolbars are active - Standard and Formatting. |
| Status bar | Here Word shows information about the document and the state of the switches (number of the page on which the cursor is located, the total number of pages in the document, the position of the cursor on the page, etc.) |
| Scroll bars | To move around a document without moving the cursor. You can move using the buttons along the borders of the scroll bars or by dragging the scroll bar slider while holding down the left mouse button. The scroll bar on the right side of the screen is for moving vertically, the bar above the status bar is for moving horizontally |
| Collapse button (in title line) | Minimizes the Word window to the taskbar. To restore the Word window, click on the button with the document name in the taskbar. |
| Minimize/Expand button (in title line) | Click this button to make the Word window occupy a certain part of the screen (you can resize the window)/occupy the entire screen |
| Close button (in title line) | Closes the Word window (exits the program). If changes to the document have not been saved, the Save changes to document “Document name.doc”? window appears. with Yes, No, Cancel buttons. When you left-click on the Yes button, the changes in the document are saved, after which the Word window closes; When you click the No button, the Word window closes without saving changes; Clicking the Cancel button returns you to document editing mode |
| Close window button (right in the menu bar) | Closes the active document window, leaving the Word window open |
Creating a new document in the Word window
When Word is already running, you can create a new document by clicking on the button Create toolbars Standard , or by command Create menu File, or by pressing the key combination Ctrl+N .
Exit the program
Once you've finished working in Word, you can close the program in several ways:
On the menu FA yl left click on command Exit .
Press the key combination Alt+F4 .
Click the button Close in the title bar of the program window.
If changes to the document have not been saved, Word will prompt you to save them before exiting the program. If you are not going to save changes to the document, just click on the button No .
Saving a new document for the first time
When a document is created in Word, by default it is temporarily saved in the computer's RAM under the name Document N , where N – serial number, starting from 1. This document is “saved” in memory until you exit the program or turn off the computer. In order to save a document forever, so that you can work with it in the future, you need to give it a name and save on disk.
1. In the menu File select team Save or click on the button Save standard toolbar, or press Ctrl+ S. A dialog box will appear Preservation document .
2. In the drop down list Folder click on the triangle button , select the desired drive, open the folder where we want to save the document.
3. In the text field Name file Enter the name that you want to assign to your document. You can click the triangle button to open a list of previously used names that you can use as a template for the name of this document. The extension and the dot in front of it are not required if in the box Type file costs Document Word (*. doc) . The file name can have up to 255 characters and describes the contents of the document.
Rice. 2. Dialog box Saving a document
Saving a document while working
Once you've given a document a name and saved it, you still need to save it periodically. Once you have named the document, you can easily save it under the same name and in the same folder using one of the following methods.
Click on the menu File by team Save.
Press the key combinationCtrl+ S.
Word automatically uses the current document name, so the dialog box does not appear.
Saving a document under a different name
1. In the menu File click on the command Save as. A dialog box will appear Saving a document, in which in the field File name the current document name will be presented.
2. In the field File name replace the file name with a new one.
3. List if necessary Folder Select a different drive and open a different folder to save the document in a different folder.
Open a document in a Word window
To open any document created in Word to work with it, in the menu File left click on the command Open or click on the button Open toolbars Standard. A dialog box will appear Opening a document(Fig. 4.3).
The File List shows all Word documents and subdirectories in the current folder. In field Folder The name of the current folder is displayed. In the dialog box you can do the following:
Open a file by double-clicking on its icon in the file list or select the file and click on the button Open .
Find files that are not Word documents. To do this, from the drop-down list Type files: select the desired file type.
From Field Dropdown Folder select the desired drive or folder.
Move to a folder one level higher by clicking the button Transition on one level up .
Go to any folder by double-clicking its icon in the folder list.
If you need to quickly open a document you've recently worked on, see the list of recently used Word files. To view this list, open the menu File , - the list is at the end of the menu, right above the command Exit . To open a file from the list, click on the desired file name.
You can set the number of files in this list and the appearance of the list in general:
1. Click on the menu Service on command Options – a dialog box will appear Options .
2. Click on the spine Are common and then check the option checkbox Remember a list of... files to turn on/off display of the list on the screen. To change the number of files included in the list, enter their number in the field Remember a list of... files or click the up/down arrow button to change the preset quantity.
3. Click the button OK .
Editing Basics. Entering text
When creating a new document Word based on template Normal. dot , the work area is empty and contains one element - a flickering vertical line - cursor, or insertion point, which marks the place in the document where text will be entered and where editing can be done.
To enter text, simply type it on the keyboard. As you type, text will appear and the cursor will move to the right. If a line of text reaches the right edge of the window, Word will automatically start a new line, that is, it will perform word wrapping. Don't press the key Enter until you want to start a new paragraph. If you type more lines than fit in the window, Word will scroll up previously entered text to keep the cursor in view.
If you made a mistake:
Press the key Backspace to remove characters to the left of the cursor
Press the key Delete to remove characters to the right of the cursor
You can move the cursor to add and edit text anywhere in the document.
Basic Cursor Movements
To move the cursor:
one position left or right, one line up or down - press the corresponding arrow key on the keyboard;
to the beginning or end of the line - press the keys Home or End ;
up or down to the height of the window's working area - press the keys Page Up silt And Page Down ;
to the beginning or end of the document - holding down the key Ctrl , press But m e or End .
Scroll a document using the mouse
| Where to scroll the document | How to do it |
| Up or down one line | Click the up or down arrow button on the vertical scroll bar |
| Up or down one screen | Click the vertical scroll bar between the slider and the up or down arrow button |
| Up or down any distance | Drag the vertical scroll bar up or down |
Text selection
Many tasks you do in Word require you to first select the text you'll be changing. Text can be selected using the mouse or using the keyboard. When working with the mouse, use the selection bar - the area to the left of the left margin of the document. When the mouse cursor is positioned in the selection bar, it changes from an I-shape to an arrow pointing up and to the right.
Ways to highlight text
| What to highlight | How to do it |
| Using the mouse |
|
| Any text | Place the mouse cursor at the beginning of the text, press the left mouse button and, while holding it, drag the cursor across the text to the end of the text |
| One word | Double-click on a word with the left mouse button |
| One sentence | Press and hold the Ctrl key and left-click somewhere in the sentence |
| One line | Left-click in the selection bar next to the line |
| Several lines | Press the left mouse button and drag the cursor in the selection bar along the lines you want to select |
| One paragraph | Double-click in the selection bar next to a paragraph or 3 times in a paragraph |
| Several paragraphs | Select the first paragraph, press and hold Ctrl , highlight the remaining paragraphs |
| Entire document | Press and hold the Ctrl key and click anywhere in the selection bar or 3 times in the selection bar |
| Using the keyboard |
|
| Any text block | Place the cursor at the beginning of the text block, press and hold the key |
| Entire document | Press Ctrl+A |
To cancel a selection, click anywhere on the screen or move the cursor using the keyboard.
Deleting, copying and cutting text
To delete part of the text, select it first.
If you just need to delete text, press the key Delete or Backspace .
If you delete text and need to replace it with something else, type new text.
To move or copy text, first select it.
1. To copy text, in menu Edit click on the command Copy or click on the button Copy toolbars Standard , or click Ctrl+C.
To move text, in menu Edit click on the command Cut , or click on the button Cut toolbars Standard or click Ctrl+X .
2. Place the cursor at the place in the document where you want to move or copy the text.
3. In the menu Edit click on the command Insert , or click on the button Insert toolbars Standard or click Ctrl+V .
For movements And copying small blocks text you can use the mouse.
1. Select the text;
2. Place the mouse cursor on this text. The shape of the pointer will change from I-shaped to an arrow; press and hold down the left mouse button;
3. To copy text, press and hold the Ctrl key. Do not press to move text Ctrl.
4. Drag the cursor to the new location, the text cursor (|) will show the new text position.
5. Release the mouse button and, if the text was copied, the Ctr key l.
Page settings
Page margins are the empty space near the edges of pages. Typically, text and graphics are inserted into the print area limited by the margins of the page. However, some elements, such as headers, footers, and page numbers, can be placed in the margins.
Changing Page Margins
1. on the menu File click on the command Page settings and then open the tab Fields .
2. On the tab Fields set the necessary parameters.
Selecting page orientation
1. Select from menu File team Page settings and then open the tab Fields .
2. In Group Orientation select an option book or landscape .
Font Formatting
Word offers a wide selection of fonts for use in documents. Each font has a specific headset, which determines the appearance of its symbols. Headset can be identified by names such as Arial, Courier, Times New Roman. Each font also has a size, which is indicated in points(a point is 1/72 of an inch, so in a 36 point font the character height is 1/2 of an inch). Most documents use font sizes ranging from 8 to 14 point, but larger and smaller sizes are used in headings and other situations.
Font selection
To set the font for the text that we are just about to type, we place the cursor at the beginning of the future text. You can quickly select a font and its size using drop-down lists Font
And Size
on the toolbar Formatting
. On the list Font
recently used fonts are at the top of the list.
To change the font of already typed text, first select this text.
You can also select a font and its parameters using the dialog box Font :
1. In the menu Format click on the command Font . A dialog box opens Font .
2. Listed Font names of existing fonts are presented. Scroll through the list and select the one you want.
3. Listed Size the current font size is indicated. Select a new size from the list or enter a number in the text field by left-clicking in it. In the window Sample The selected font will appear.
4. Click the button OK.
Rice. 4. Dialog box Font
Using Italics, Bold, and Underlining
Any Word font can be used in bold, italic, or underline styles. You can use two or three effects at the same time. To quickly set the desired style, click on the button on the toolbar Formatting . , and to turn it off, click on it again. When the cursor hits that part of the document where one of these types of formatting is entered, the corresponding button on the panel appears pressed.
You can set the style for the selected font using the dialog box Font . For this:
1. Select from the menu Format team Font to open a dialog box Font .
2. In the field Typeface select Italics , Bold or Bold Italics . To return to the normal style, select Ordinary .
3. From the drop down list Underline select the desired underline style or select an option (No) to remove underlining.
4. Click the button OK .
Changing the character spacing. Text offset
1. On the menu Format click on the command Font. Open a bookmark Interval.
2. Listed Interval choose Sparse or Compacted. In the window on:
3. Click OK.
To move text up or down relative to the line, select the text in the listBias choose Up or Down and in the window to: indicate how many points.
Applying special effects to fonts
Word has many special font effects: superscripts, subscripts, strikethroughs, shadows, outlines, etc. You can also hide text, which means it won't appear on the screen or print. To apply these effects to selected text or text you're about to type:
1. In the menu Format click on the command Font .
2. On the bookmark Font in area Modification Select the desired checkboxes, and to disable the effect, uncheck the corresponding checkbox. In area Sample you will see the text with the selected effect.
A text editor is a program that allows you to create a document with text data. Word processor Ї is “a program for entering, editing and processing text documents with various information (for example, tables, graphics, etc.).”
Text editors and processors include: built-in text editors; editors of instrumental computer programs; universal word processors; editors of scientific documents, programs for layout of magazines and books (publishing systems). Currently, the most popular word processor is MS Word 2003, but a new version of Microsoft Office 2007 has already appeared.
In Word 2003, you can create the following types of documents: new document, web page, XML document, E-mail message, fax message, envelopes and labels, templates. All new text documents in Word are created based on templates. A template is a document that is used as a template for creating new text documents.
After starting Word, a window appears on the screen showing a blank text document based on the Normal template. By default, all text documents are created based on the Normal Normal.dot template, and all text is entered in the Normal Normal style, in which the basic formatting parameters are set: font Ї Times New Roman, font size Ї 10 points, left alignment, single line spacing . You can enter text into the empty text document window, insert a table, a picture, etc. The empty document is named Document 1, which is visible in the title bar.
You can create a text document in the following ways:
Ї select the New command in the File menu, then in the task area (the mode will change to “Create Document”) in the Create section, select “New Document” based on the Normal template or the Templates section in the On my computer item, select a predefined template or wizard, based on which you want to create a document or template;
Ї Click the New icon on the Standard toolbar, and a blank document, Document 1, based on the Normal template, will open.
When creating new documents, they will be sequentially assigned numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. In a blank document, you can see a flickering vertical line at the top left, which is called the input cursor. The cursor indicates where a character will be entered from the keyboard or an object (drawing, table, etc.) will be inserted. The cursor position can be changed using the cursor control keys or the mouse manipulator only within the typed text. In the editor status line on the display screen you can see the document line number and the position number in it where the cursor is currently located. In addition to the input cursor, a mouse pointer is visible in the window, which looks like the Latin letter I. Its location changes only after moving the mouse. The pointer is used to select menu commands, move objects, highlight text, etc. To set the position of the insertion point, you need to move the mouse so that the pointer is at the desired point on the screen and click the left mouse button.
You can open an existing document in several ways:
The word processor operates in insert or replace mode. The mode is indicated in the status line on the display screen. Modes can be switched using the Ins key. In the “insert” mode, characters entered from the keyboard shift the document text located behind the cursor to the right. In replacement mode, instead of the character located to the right of the cursor, a new character is entered from the keyboard. Before entering text, it is advisable to set the parameters and the required page orientation by executing the command File / Page Setup, Margins tab.
While working with a document, it is in RAM. In order to write this file to disk, you must select the Save command from the File menu and set the necessary parameters in the Save Document dialog box. When saving a document in the dialog box, you must: Specify the file name, select the File Type, select the folder in which the file attributes are saved, and the disk on which the file will be saved. An open file can be saved to disk under a different name by selecting Save As from the File menu. Word processors can work simultaneously with multiple documents in different windows. When entering and editing text, it works in the active window, in which menu commands can be accessed. Commands in the Window menu allow you to arrange document windows, move from one window to another, and divide the work area of a window into two parts.
The main stages of creating (preparing) text documents are: typing, text editing, formatting, spell checking, printing text, saving.
After you enter text, it undergoes various changes. Document editing is carried out using menu commands or by pressing keys on the PC keyboard. Editing operations (delete, insert, move) are performed on characters, lines, and fragments. Editing operations for lines are: deleting a line, splitting one line into two, merging two lines into one, inserting an empty line. A fragment is a “continuous piece of text”. To delete, copy, or move a fragment, you need to select it. You can select a fragment using the mouse or keyboard. Word uses different highlighting methods for words, lines, sentences, and paragraphs. (single, double or triple click on a paragraph or to the left of a paragraph in the selection bar). Selected text can be copied, moved and deleted either using the clipboard or by moving it with the mouse (while pressing the left or right key).
The document text created at the typing stage in most cases is subject to changes related to the detection of errors, correction of information, reorganization of its fragments, and the like. Editing operations are performed when the user issues text editor commands. Commands are issued by selecting them from the menu or by pressing the desired keys on the PC keyboard. To insert one or more characters, the text editor must be in insert mode, not replace mode. Switching between these modes is carried out by the Ins key. Before inserting, you must move the cursor to the desired position and press the key with the required character. The character is inserted at the cursor position, and the part of the line to the right (including the cursor) is moved one position to the right. The main editing operations for lines are deleting a line, splitting one line into two, merging two lines into one, and inserting an empty line.
Creating and editing text documents
Tools for working with text documents
Entering, editing and formatting texts
Most documents intended to be printed on paper, as well as many electronic documents, are text, that is, they are blocks of text consisting of ordinary words typed in ordinary characters (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and others). When working with text documents, the computer turns into something like a very powerful and “intelligent” typewriter.
When preparing text documents on a computer, three main groups of operations are used. Operations input allow you to convert the source text from its external form into electronic form, that is, into a file stored on a computer. Typing does not necessarily mean typing using a keyboard. There is hardware that allows you to enter text by scanning a paper original, and pattern recognition software that converts a document from an image format to a text format.
Operations editing(edits) allow you to change an existing electronic document by adding or deleting its fragments, rearranging parts of the document, merging several files into one or, conversely, splitting a single document into several smaller ones. When working on text, input and editing are often performed in parallel.
When entering and editing, it is formed content text document. Decor documents are specified by operations formatting. Formatting commands allow you to determine exactly how text will appear on a monitor screen or on paper after printing on a printer.
Text editors and word processors
All electronic text documents require typing and usually editing, but document formatting is not always necessary. For example, when writing the text of a computer program, formatting is not required, since the source text is not intended for printing, but for subsequent processing by the program -compiler.
Moreover, formatting a text document in many cases is harmful, since formatting information is entered into the text in the form of invisible codes. The presence of such codes may prevent certain programs from working with texts. For example, the Notepad text editor is not able to display on the screen a text file created in the Word Pad word processor, although both programs belong to the same group of standard Windows 9x programs and both are designed to work with texts.
Thus, historically, some documents require formatting and some do not. It turned out to be convenient to have different programs: some of them are used only for entering and editing text, while others also allow you to format it. The first programs are called text editors, and the second - word processors.
All text editors save “pure” text in a file and thanks to this compatible together. Different word processors write formatting information to a file differently and therefore incompatible together. However, many word processors have the ability to convert text from one format to another.
Windows 9x includes the standard text editor Notepad and the simple word processor WordPad. Unformatted text files in Windows have the extension . TXT, and WordPad files have the extension . DOC.
Word processor Word 9x
The standard WordPad program, familiar to us from the Windows 9x operating system, is in fact a very simplified version of the professional word processor Word. This program is produced by Microsoft and has come a long way in development over the years. The latest version of the program is called Word 97, but versions of Word 95 and an even earlier version of Word 6.0 are also in use. Hereinafter we will talk about the general features of these programs, like Word 9x.
Word program window
The Word 9x window structure is typical of Windows applications. It includes the elements necessary for editing and formatting texts. At the top of the window there are command bars, which include menu bar And toolbars. After installing the program, by default there are two toolbars - Standard and Formatting. However, if during work the need arises for other toolbars, they can also be opened and positioned along any window border or separately.
Below the toolbars is located ruler, graduated in centimeters or inches. It helps you control the placement of page elements and manage formatting operations.
The main part of the window is occupied Workspace, containing the window of the document being edited. If the document window is expanded to cover the entire work area, then it coincides with the program window. Therefore, the window contains two sets of size control buttons. The top buttons relate to the program, and the bottom buttons to the document, and there is no need to confuse them.
The vertical scroll bar in Word 9x has a special feature. Below it are three additional jump buttons:
up and down the page or to a selected object, which can be a page, section, table, footnote, heading, picture, etc.
At the very bottom of the window there is status bar. It contains reference information about the document and indicators indicating the current operating mode.
Document presentation modes
You should start learning Word 9x by downloading the finished document. Such a document must have an extension. DOC. After loading an arbitrary document, you can experiment with the modes of presenting the document on the screen. There are several such modes:
1. To the left of the horizontal scroll bar there are four buttons that allow you to select the type of display of the document in the work area.
2. The first button turns on normal mode. This mode is used for simple text input and editing. This mode does not display special page elements, graphics, or columns of text. This mode is intended only for working with text.
3. Electronic document mode(In this mode, buttons for selecting the document presentation method are not displayed on the screen, so it’s easy to enter this mode, but you won’t immediately figure out how to get out of it. You need to use the View menu. It has the necessary controls) most convenient if it’s not about editing, but about viewing the finished document. An additional panel with the contents of the document opens on the left. It gives a clear idea of the structure of the document and provides a convenient transition to any section.
4. B markup mode The document appears on the screen exactly as it will appear when printed on paper. This mode is most convenient for formatting operations.
5. The last button opens the document in structure mode. This mode is convenient for working on a document plan (drawing, viewing, editing).
Working with multiple documents
Unlike its simplified counterpart, the WordPad processor, the Word 9x word processor allows you to work with several documents simultaneously. Each of them opens in its own window. These windows do not extend beyond the general program window, but may overlap each other. Word processor tools allow you to control the convenient placement of these windows on the screen and switch between them.
The active document window has its own buttons: collapsing: C, expanding: [E and closing: I - After collapsing, the document window is displayed as a small panel in the lower left corner of the work area. When maximized, the window occupies the entire working area of the application window. The name of the current file is moved to the application title bar, and the window size control buttons are moved to the menu bar.
Individual document windows can be resized by dragging. This is done in the same way as resizing regular application windows.
To switch to the window of the desired document, you can click the mouse button anywhere in this window. If the desired window is completely covered by windows of other documents, then you can use the Window menu to switch. It contains items corresponding to each of the open documents.
You can sequentially switch between open document windows using keyboard shortcuts. Use the combination CTRL+F6 to sort through windows in direct order, and CTRL+SHIFT+F6 - in reverse order.
Window command > Arrange All allows you to see all document windows in the workspace at once. In this case, the windows are located one above the other. They all take the same size, and their total height corresponds to the height of the work area. In this mode it is convenient to work only on large monitors. On small monitors, a convenient trick is to fold out the windows cascade, but it is done manually.
Basic operations for entering and editing (editing) text are standard for all text editors and word processors, so familiarity with such standard Windows 9x programs as Notepad and WordPad is already enough to learn how to use the same tools in the Word 9x processor.
1. The current document window always contains a blinking vertical bar - cursor. Text input is carried out by typing from the keyboard. The characters you type appear at the cursor location. The cursor moves to the right as you type (To ensure that the text you enter replaces, rather than shifts, previously existing text, include replacement mode. Switching the replacement mode is done by pressing the INSERT key or double-clicking on the ZAM indicator in the status bar).
3. When the text reaches the right edge of the page, it automatically wraps to a new line. To force a line to end and start a new paragraph, press ENTER.
Moving the cursor
4. The easiest way to place the cursor in the desired place in the document is to click the mouse at the desired point. The same can be done with the cursor keys. Other available keyboard shortcuts are shown in the accompanying table.
Working with text fragments
5. To delete, copy and move text fragments, the corresponding fragment must first be selected. A fragment is selected by dragging the mouse or any command to move the cursor while holding down the SHIFT key.
6. The selection is deleted by pressing the DELETE key or simply by typing the replacement text. Moving a fragment can be done by dragging and dropping, although it is much more convenient to use the clipboard.
Find and replace tools
When you work with long documents, you sometimes have to make repetitive changes to them. Word 9x has special tools for search And replacements. These tools allow you to find a fragment in the text specified in the form text string, and replace the specified line with new text. The search command is useful when you know what the paragraph you want is talking about, but you don't know where in the document it is located.
1. The Find and Replace dialog box is opened with the Edit command. > Find or use the combination CTRL+F. You can also click the Select transition object button and select the Find icon in the panel that opens.
2. In the Find field, enter a fragment of the text you are looking for.
3. To set additional search parameters, click on the More button.
4. Additional buttons Format and Special allow you to search for text formatted in a specified way and special “non-printing” characters. The search begins after clicking the Find Next button.
5. To automatically replace the found text, use the controls on the Replace tab.
6. The replacement string is entered in the Replace with field. The standard search and replace technique is that by clicking on the Find Next button, the next place where the specified string occurs in the document is searched, and then by clicking on the Replace button, the replacement is performed (if necessary). If you know in advance that the replacement should be made throughout the document and in all cases, you can immediately click on the Replace all button.
7. Use the Go tab controls to jump to specific text or an object, such as a specified page, footnote, or picture.
8. Select the object type in the Transition object drop-down list, and then specify its absolute or relative number in the Enter number field.
9. The transition is performed by clicking on one of the Next, Previous or Go buttons.
Canceling erroneous commands
As we know, it is human nature to make mistakes, and working in a word processor is no exception. Errors that lead to the loss of large fragments of text may require considerable time to correct, and if the original text has not been preserved, then the difficulties may be insurmountable.
The Word 9x word processor provides a kind of “insurance” against such errors. It allows you to undo erroneous commands and restore the document to a state prior to incorrect operations.
The last executed command can be canceled using the Edit - Undo command, the Undo button on the toolbar, or the keyboard shortcut CTRL+Z. Undo Series allows you to undo several previous commands.
You can also undo the last few commands by clicking the drop-down button next to the Undo button on the toolbar. This opens a list of commands that can be undone.
Cancellation involves restoring the state of the document to the way it was before the corresponding command was executed. Therefore, as you move down this list, cancelable commands are automatically selected. The selected commands are highlighted in color, and the bottom line shows the total number of commands being canceled. A group of commands can be canceled by clicking on the last command to be canceled.
If the operation was canceled by mistake, you can repeat it immediately after using the Edit-Redo command, the Redo button, or the CTRL+Y key combination. Performing this operation sequentially allows you to repeat a number of canceled commands. The Redo button, like the Undo button, has a drop-down list that allows you to repeat a group of commands.
Repetition of operations is possible only immediately after their cancellation. If you perform another operation, such as typing, instead, the list of repeated commands is cleared and the Redo button becomes inactive.
Determining the type and style of font
One of the simplest and, at the same time, most expressive ways to change the appearance of text is to change the font in which it is written. True, application programs do not manage fonts installed on the computer - this is handled by the Windows operating system itself. Application programs only rely on the operating system in this regard, although they can create some additional special effects.
1. In Word 9x, by default, all font changes are applied to the selected text fragment or, if there is no selection, to the word on which the cursor is located. For simple operations on changing the type and style of the font, use the Formatting toolbar.
In the Font drop-down list, select the typeface, in the Font Size list, determine the size of the characters, and use the Bold, Italic and Underline buttons to change their style.
2. Effects that are not available from the Formatting toolbar can be created in the Font dialog box, which is opened with the format command > Font or the Font item in the context menu. At the bottom of all tabs in this dialog box is an example of text written according to the specified font settings.
3. The controls on the Font tab correspond to the controls on the Formatting toolbar. The Underline drop-down list provides custom options for underlining text (for example, a double line or a dotted line). The text display color can be changed in the Color drop-down list. This operation makes sense only for electronic documents and documents that will be printed on a color printer. Non-standard text design effects are created by checking the boxes in the Effects panel.
4. The Spacing tab controls allow you to change the spacing between characters. Thanks to this, the text can be condensed or sparse, which is often used in headings.
5. The Animation tab tools are used for dynamic text design, but only in electronic documents.
Paragraph alignment
The main semantic unit of a text is usually paragraph. Therefore, alignment commands and formatting operations are designed to change the appearance of individual paragraphs.
Alignment A paragraph is the arrangement of its text in accordance with given rules. Most often we are talking about horizontal text alignment, that is, its location between the right and left margins of the page.
1. When left aligned All lines of a paragraph begin at the same position, that is, the left edge of the paragraph forms a vertical line.
2. When right aligned the same can be said about the right border of a paragraph.
3. When width alignment Both the left and right borders are equal.
4. In case center alignment the lines are arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical axis passing through the middle of the page. This alignment is often used for headings.
5. Books, magazines and other printed publications and documents in Russian are traditionally formatted using width alignment. In English-language documents, only left alignment is used.
6. In Word, alignment is set by clicking on the corresponding button on the Formatting toolbar. Of the four buttons (Left, Center, Right, and Justify), only one can be enabled.
Formatting with a ruler
The ruler not only provides information about document layout, but is also a powerful formatting tool. It allows you to control the side margins and tab stops of the current paragraph. Paragraph boundaries are set by moving (dragging) special markers.
1. The triangular marker located at the bottom left (pointing up) sets the left border for all lines of the paragraph except the first.
2. An inverted triangular marker at the top left sets the beginning line of the first line of a paragraph and allows you to create a paragraph indent.
3. The square marker under the ruler is a control that is always located directly below the triangular marker for the left paragraph border. When you drag it, both left border handles move together, maintaining their relative position. This special paragraph design can be used when formatting epigraphs, especially important fragments of text, quotes, and so on.
4. The triangular marker located on the right sets the right border of the current paragraph.
5. A ruler is also used to define tab stops. Tab stops are used when a row consists of several fields, for example in a simple table. By default, tab stops are spaced every half inch and are marked on the ruler with short vertical ticks.
6. The symbol indicating the tab stop is located on the ruler on the left. It looks like a “corner”. By clicking on it, you can change the appearance of the tab character and, accordingly, the method of displaying the text.
The selected tab character is set by clicking on the ruler. You can later change its position by dragging it. To remove a tab character, drag it outside the ruler. When you manually set a tab stop, all default tab stops that came before it are removed.
Automation of formatting.
In long documents, most paragraphs are formatted the same. More precisely, there are usually several paragraph formatting options that are reused within a document.
It's inconvenient to manually format a paragraph every time you change text, especially since you most likely already have a paragraph formatted the way you want. Word solves this problem by allowing you to create formatting according to the example, and also by applying predetermined formatting styles.
Formatting as a pattern
To perform formatting using a painter, you need to place the cursor on the paragraph that has the desired formatting method and click on the Format Painter button. You can then click on the paragraph whose format you want to change, and it will look exactly the same as the sample you selected.
If you need to change the format of several paragraphs, you need to double-click the Format by Sample button. After making all the necessary changes, you must again click on the Format by sample button or press the ESC key.
Formatting styles.
A formatting style is a set of all design parameters that determine the format of a paragraph. Available styles are listed in the Style drop-down list located on the Formatting toolbar. When you first start using Word, this list contains a list of default styles.
When you select one of the styles presented in this list, the format of the current paragraph (the paragraph in which the cursor is located) or the format of the selected fragment changes (From a computer point of view, a paragraph is any piece of text delimited on both sides by carriage return characters (code 13 This code is entered into the text whenever we press the ENTER key. This code is considered invisible because it does not correspond to any letters. But you can still see it if you click on the Non-Printing Characters button).
Creating a style
Creating a style based on a sample
This is the most visual way to create a style. To do this, you need to format the paragraph, click on the Style field and enter the name of the new style. After this, the Style list will contain the name of the new style.
Changing the style
If you change the appearance of a paragraph that uses a particular style, and then click the Style box and press ENTER, the Override Style dialog box opens. You can use it to restore paragraph formatting to a previously defined style or change the style throughout the document. When you change a style, all paragraphs using that style are reformatted automatically.
Development of a new style
If you want to prepare a new style for use in a document, you should use the Format ^ Style command. In the Style dialog box, you can click New (to create a new style) or Edit (to change an existing one).
In the new Create Style (respectively, Change Style) dialog box, you can specify the name of the new style and indicate which of the existing styles is taken as the basis.
To change the design defined by this style, you need to click on the Format button and select the element to be formatted in the menu that opens.
If you enable the Add to template checkbox (Template is an official document with a DOT extension containing a formatted sample document and controls specific to a document of this type (set of styles, customizing panels, etc.). By default, when creating a new document, a template is used Normal – Normal. dot), the created (edited) style is added to the standard Word template, after which this style can be used in other documents.