For an office computer, you should be aware that some proprietary programs are not available in 64-bit versions. You can use both systems at the same time, each installed on a disk or on a different partition, and choose what to boot when the computer starts.

This is done during markup. hard drive and during bootloader installation. You will rarely need to use these options except in special cases. "Expert" mode allows you to use all possible options during the installation process and allows you to move between different phases, not necessarily sequentially. Attention, this very detailed mode can be a source of confusion due to the multitude it offers.

Once launched, there is a step-by-step setup guide in the process. This section details each of these steps and will also cover the installation process in graphical mode, but this differs from the classic "installation" only in an aspect.

Initially, the installer uses English, but the first step is to allow the user to select the language to be used in the rest of the process. For example, if you select French, you must translate the entire installation process into French. This selection is also used to determine the most important predefined choices in the next steps.

Some steps in the installation process require you to enter information. In graphical mode, you can use the mouse as usual in the installed desktop environment. The second step is to choose a country. Together with the language, this information allows the program to suggest the most appropriate keyboard mapping. This will also affect the time zone setting.

Select keyboard display

This passage in the vast majority of cases is fully automated. This includes additional drivers for the remaining hardware as well as all installer components.

Network hardware discovery

Many local networks are based on the assumption that all connected machines can be trusted, so an inadequate configuration of one machine can often break the entire network. Therefore, it is recommended to contact network administrator for proper configuration before connecting any computer to the network.

The installer also asks for password confirmation to avoid any input errors that would be difficult to correct later. In fact, any computer connected to the Internet is regularly targeted by automatic attempts to connect to the most common passwords. Sometimes it can also be subject to dictionary attacks, where they are used Password with many combinations of words and numbers.

It is good practice not to use last names, dates of birth, etc.: Many of your colleagues may be aware of this and rarely want to give them free access to the computer in question. This precaution limits the damage caused by human error, as all tasks are performed with the minimum required privileges. This is why the installer will ask for this first user's full name, username, and password.

Detect drives and other devices

So the registration time will be fixed from the first run. This will be discussed in the next step: partitioning.

Run the split tool

The partitioning phase is usually a bit slower for new users. This task is difficult if the other operating system you want to keep. You must be careful not to modify your partitions. Fortunately, the partitioner has a "master" mode that recommends partitioning; In most cases, you can simply accept the program's offers.

Select the split mode. On the first screen of the partitioning program, it is proposed to use the entire HDD to create different sections. If your computer has two hard drives for two operating systems, the simplest partitioning solution is to assign a drive to each operating system.

Then the partition wizard will start. The disk to use for the partitioning wizard. The Split Wizard offers three split methods to suit different applications. The first method is called "All Files on Partition". This simple and robust partition is ideal for personal or single user systems. True, two partitions will be created: the first will contain the entire system, the second will contain virtual memory.

These divisions have several advantages. For example, users cannot block a server by filling up all available disk space. Daemon data cannot pollute the rest of the system. The file system defines the way data is organized on a hard drive. Each existing file system has its advantages and disadvantages. Some of them are more reliable, others are more efficient: if you know your needs well, you can choose the most suitable file system.

A journaled file system provides special measures to allow you to return to a sequential previous state after a hard break without completely analyzing the entire disk. This functionality is achieved by filling out a diary describing what to do before it is actually executed. Thus, if the operation is interrupted, a "replay" can be made from the log. If an abort occurs while updating the log, the last requested change is simply ignored, the written data may be lost, but since the data on disk has not changed, it remains consistent.

This is the transaction mechanism applied to the file system. After selecting the type of section, the program offers a proposal and displays it on the screen, if necessary, the user can change it. In particular, you can choose a different file system if the standard choice doesn't work. The proposed partition is the most reasonable choice and can be accepted by selecting the "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk" option.

Manual partitioning provides more flexibility by allowing the user to choose the purpose and size of each partition. The first screen displays the available disks, their partitions, and free space that has not yet been split. You can clear all partitions on a drive by selecting it.

When you select free disk space, you can manually create a new partition. See Section 1 "Partition Wizard" for more information on the Partition Wizard. The mount point is a directory tree that will contain the contents of the selected partition's file system.

Setting up multi-disk devices

When you select a section, you can specify how you intend to use it. You will need to answer a series of questions about this new device. The third question concerns the number of spare parts - 0; since we did not expect any additional disk will replace a possible defective disc.

Configuring the Logical Volume Manager

This disk is represented by a single partition that cannot be deleted, but can be modified. This has a twofold benefit: the size of a partition is no longer limited by the size of the individual drives, but by their combined capacity, and you can resize an existing partition at any time by adding another drive when needed.

In fact, each of these terms corresponds to the "real" section. Adding a new disk creates a new physical volume, these new blocks can be associated with any volume group. This way, all partition partitions of volumes that have been extended will have additional space to expand.

Finally, you can create logical volumes on this volume group. Note that the automatic partitioning system can automate this entire phase. In the partition menu, each physical volume will appear as a disk with a single partition that cannot be deleted, but can be resized at will.

Setting up encrypted partitions

When an encrypted partition is used, the encryption key is stored in memory. Because this key allows data to be decoded, it is extremely important not to leave a copy of this key available to a possible thief on your computer or hard drive or to a service technician. If this partition is not encrypted, the thief can access the key and use it to decrypt data from the encrypted partitions. For this reason, when using encrypted partitions, it is extremely important to also encrypt the swap partition!

There is a lot of work behind the design of the file system. The file system provides rules for storing files, names, permissions, and other attributes. There are indeed many file systems, and not all are the same. Each file system has a different way of organizing data, but the following features distinguish them.

Overview of shared file systems

Differences between file systems