Games with geometric shapes

The game "House for geometric shapes" for children 5-6 years of age.
Target: to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes, the ability to compare shapes by properties and find patterns in their arrangement.
Game material: tables, geometric shapes.
Game progress. The teacher offers to consider models of houses for geometric shapes, count the number of floors, name the figures living on the first, second and other floors. Children will find out how many apartments are on each floor, what figures live in them. Then the children settle the geometric shapes into apartments, focusing on the shape and color of the shapes.
Literature: Peterson P.G., Kochemasova E.E. Playing game. Practical course for preschoolers. - M.: Balass, 2004. - S. 142.

Game "Describe the figure" for children 5-6 years of age.

Purpose of the game: to consolidate children's knowledge of geometric shapes, their properties.
Game material: geometric shapes, cards with a special code, graphically depicting the signs of shapes (shape, color, size).
Game progress. Code cards can be placed in front of the child in rows:
1 row - cards indicating the form,
2 row - color,
3 row - size.
The child receives a geometric figure, selects code cards for it. For example, a child has a big red circle. He names the figure, next to it he puts a card with the image of a circle (the shape of the figure), a card with a color red spot (the color of the figure), a card with a large house (the size of the figure).
Literature: Fiedler M. Mathematics is already in kindergarten: A guide for the educator det. garden / Per. from Polish. O. A. Pavlovich. - M.: Enlightenment, 1981. - S. 76.

Game "Help the figures get into the house" for children 5-6 years of age.

Purpose of the game: teach children to distinguish and correctly name geometric shapes.
Game material: a cardboard box in which triangular, round, square, rectangular and oval holes are cut; sets of geometric shapes (for children of the 5th year of life, the teacher prepares trays with a set of shapes: a triangle, a square, a circle, a rectangle (provided that the children have already become acquainted with these figures), and for children 6-7 years old, include an oval in the set) .
Game progress. The teacher invites the children to play. He shows the children a box with holes and says: “Look, what an interesting house. Who do you think lives here? That's right, geometric shapes live in this house. Each figure can enter only through its own door, similar in shape to the figure. Let's help the figurines get into the house." Children receive one geometric figure each, name them and lower them in turn into slots (doors) of the corresponding shape. The teacher clarifies: “What figure did you lower into the house? What shape was the door?
Literature: Erofeeva T. I. and others. Mathematics for preschoolers: Book. for the teacher of children garden / T. I. Erofeeva, L. N. Pavlova, V. P. Novikova. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992.

Didactic game "Pick up figures for animals" for children 4-6 years of age.

Target: to consolidate children's ideas about geometric shapes, exercise in their naming.
Game material:
- a set of geometric shapes for children 3-4 years old: circle, square, triangle;
- a set of geometric shapes for children 4-5 years old: circle, square, triangle, rectangle;
- a set of geometric shapes for children 5-7 years old: circle, square, triangle, oval, rectangle;
- cards with the image of animals, next to which are drawn the contours of geometric shapes that coincide in shape with the figures from the sets.
Game progress.
Children sit at tables, in front of each child is a card with the image of an animal, next to which the contours of geometric shapes are drawn, and a tray with geometric shapes. The teacher shows the figures to the children, the children call them. Gives the task: “Children, animals want to play with you. Tell me who came to visit you. Each child names his animal (squirrel, bear, fox, baby elephant, etc.) The teacher continues: “Next to the animals, figures of different shapes are drawn, and the same figures lie on trays. Help the animals arrange all the figures so that they fit each other in shape. Children take the figures from the trays and put them on the contours of the figures. At the end of the game, ask the children: “What figures did you choose for the bear (chanterelles, hare, etc.)?”

Games with geometric material to recreate silhouette figures for older preschool children

Ryabichenko Nadezhda Vladimirovna, primary school teacher, Mikhailovskaya School, Kikvidzensky District, Volgograd Region
Short description:
This game can be used in working with children 5-7 years old. To play, you need to take a square, making it from cardboard, plastic or other materials, and cut it along the lines into different shapes. There are 11 shapes in total: two squares, four triangles, one large quadrangle and four small quadrangles. When composing silhouette figures, all parts are used that join one another, but do not overlap. It is possible to use this game with children 3-4 years old, using samples of already drawn silhouette figures.
Target: formation of skills to create shapes-silhouettes from polygons
Tasks:
- to consolidate children's knowledge of geometric shapes;
- to develop cognitive interest, independence, intelligence, observation, logical thinking, the ability to creative search, the ability to find new ways to solve the problem.
I offer a square template, which, if desired, you can increase or decrease. It does not have to be the same size as mine (that's why I do not indicate the dimensions of the square itself).

Previously, with the children, you can examine the square and find out what figures it consists of by guessing riddles:
Look at this figure:
It has only three corners.
You are probably ready to name her
By the number of corners. (triangle)
I have three sides
I have three corners.
You will quickly call me
I know about it.
After all, every student knows
Me - I… (triangle)
I am a figure - no matter where,
I'm always very even
All angles in me are equal
And four sides.
Cube is my favorite brother
Because I... (square)
Not a triangle or a circle
And I'm not a friend of the oval.
I am the brother of the rectangle
After all, my name is... (square)
Four corners, like a square I have,
But I don’t dare to call myself a square,
And yet, it looks like a square, by the way,
Two long sides, two - shorter. (quadrilateral)
We stretched the square
And presented at a glance
Who did he look like
Or something very similar?
Not a brick, not a triangle -
Became a square... (quadrilateral)

Examples of drawing figures:

Cow

Giraffe

The envelope

Dog

Tower

I compiled the game using the DragAndDrop template. This macro was created by programmer Hans Hofmann (Germany).
Working with the DragAndDrop template.
1. Open the program.
2. Click slide show, select First or From current slide.
3. In the window that appears Security Alert select Enable this content, then press OK.
4. When working on creating silhouette shapes on a slide, you need to click on any shape with the left mouse button one once, move it to the right place, and click again with the left mouse button. Move all shapes in the same way.
If the child finds it difficult to complete the task on his own, then he can use the hint. When you click on a word hint a picture with an image appears in the upper left corner of the slide. When you click on any figure, the hint picture closes.
The hint can be used an unlimited number of times.
To create the next silhouette, you need to go to the next slide.
After completing the task, you can save the work, but it is better to click "do not save."
Games can be used by teachers elementary school at extracurricular activities in mathematics with students in grades 1 and 2, as well as kindergarten teachers during classes with preschoolers. This development can be used by parents to organize the leisure of their children.

Presentation on the topic: Mathematical games with geometric shapes

1. The game "Call it in one word"

Purpose: Development of the ability to name geometric shapes of the same type with a generalizing word.

Material: Geometric figures of the same type (large and small squares; multi-colored triangles, etc.).

2. The game "Pick up by size"

Purpose: Development of the ability to classify geometric shapes according to one attribute (size).

Material: Geometric shapes (squares, rectangles, circles, etc.) in two sizes - large and small.

3. The game "Wonderful bag" is well known to preschoolers. It allows you to examine the geometric shape of objects, exercise in distinguishing shapes. The bag contains objects of different geometric shapes. The child examines them, feels and names the figure that he wants to show. You can complicate the task if the leader gives the task to find a specific figure in the bag. In this case, the child sequentially examines several figures until he finds the right one. This version of the job is slower. Therefore, it is advisable that every child has a wonderful bag.

4. The game "Find the same" in front of the children are cards that show three to four different geometric shapes. The teacher shows his card (or calls, lists the Figures on the card). Children must find the same card and pick it up.

5. The game “Who will see more? » Various geometric figures are placed on the board in random order. Preschoolers look at and memorize them. The leader counts to three and closes the figures. The children are asked to name as many shapes as they can on the flannelgraph. So that the children do not repeat the answers of their comrades, the leader can listen to each child separately. The one who remembers and names more figures wins, he becomes the leader. Continuing the game, the host changes the number of pieces

7. The game " Look around" Helps to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes, teaches you to find objects of a certain shape. The game is held in the form of a competition for a personal or team championship. In this case, the group is divided into teams. The host (it can be a teacher or a child) suggests naming round, rectangular, square, quadrangular objects, the shape of objects that do not have corners, etc. etc. For each correct answer, the player or team receives a chip, a circle. The rules stipulate that you cannot name the same item twice. The game is played at a fast pace. At the end of the game, the results are summed up, the winner is called, who scored the largest number points.

8. Game " Geometric Mosaic"Designed to consolidate children's knowledge of geometric shapes, forms the ability to transform them, develops imagination and creative thinking, teaches to analyze the way the parts are arranged, make a figure, focus on a sample. By organizing the game, the teacher takes care of uniting the children in one team in accordance with the level of their skills and abilities. Teams receive tasks of varying difficulty. To compose an image of an object from geometric shapes: work on a finished dissected sample, work on an undivided sample, work according to the conditions (to assemble a human figure - a girl in a dress), work according to one's own plan (just a person). Each team receives the same set of geometric shapes. Children must independently agree on how to complete the task, on the order of work, and choose the source material. Each player in the team, in turn, participates in the transformation of a geometric figure, adding his own element, composing individual elements of an object from several figures. At the end of the game, children analyze their figures, find similarities and differences in solving a constructive idea.

9. Game "Find your house". Children receive one model of a geometric figure and scatter around the room. At the signal of the host, everyone gathers at their house with the image of a figure. You can complicate the game by moving the house. Children are taught to see the geometric shape in the surrounding objects: a ball, a watermelon-ball, a plate, a saucer-hoop-circle, a table cover, a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a rectangle window, a scarf-square; scarf-triangle; glass-cylinder; egg, zucchini - oval.

10. The game "Name the geometric figure"

Target. Learn to visually examine, recognize and correctly name planar geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle, rectangle, oval)

Material. Tables with geometric shapes. On each table there are contour images of two or three figures in different positions and combinations.

Game progress.

11. The game is played with one table. The rest can be covered with a blank sheet of paper. An adult offers to carefully examine the geometric shapes, circle the contours of the figures with a movement of the hand, and name them. In one lesson, you can show the child 2-3 tables.

12. Game "Find an object of the same shape"

An adult has geometric shapes drawn on paper: a circle, a square, a triangle, an oval, a rectangle, etc.

He shows the child one of the shapes, for example, a circle. The child must name an object of the same shape.

13. The game "What is suitable?"

Purpose: Development of the ability to compare geometric shapes with each other, classify according to the shape, attach new shapes to existing groups, designate the base of the group with a word.

Material: Four quadrangles, three triangles, numbers "3", "4".

Content of the game: Children are given two quadrangles and two triangles, they divide the figures based on the shape. Then the teacher shows the children one triangle and two quadrangles and asks them to join the existing groups. Question: to which group does the number "3" fit, and to which the number "4"? (Three triangles, each with three corners; four quadrangles, each with four corners).

14. The game "Guess what they hid"

On the table in front of the child are cards depicting geometric shapes. The child carefully examines them. Then the child is offered to close his eyes, the adult hides one card. After a conditional sign, the child opens his eyes and says what is hidden.

Podolina Galina Petrovna

> Didactic games and exercises to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes

In the mathematical development of preschoolers, an important means of learning is widely used - the game. However, it becomes effective if it is applied "in the right place, at the right time and in the right doses."

Most often, didactic games and exercises are used to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes. Let's consider the most interesting of them.

Games for younger preschoolers.

Game "Geometric Lotto". For the game, you will need cards on which geometric shapes (one-color contours) are depicted in a row. On the cards - a different selection of figures. On one - a circle, a square, a triangle; on the other - a circle, a square, a circle; on the third - a triangle, a triangle, a circle; on the fourth - a square, a triangle, a circle, etc. In addition, each child has a set of geometric figures of the same size as the contour images on the cards (two figures of each shape of different colors).

At the beginning of the lesson, the child lays out all the figures in front of him. The card is on the table in front of him. The teacher shows the figure, invites the children to find the same one and arrange it on the cards so that they match the ones drawn.

Depending on the knowledge and skills of children, the game is simplified or complicated (there may be more or less figures).

The game "Put it in the boxes." In this game, boxes are used, on which outline images of figures are given, and circles, squares, and triangles of various colors and sizes.

The task for the children is to put things in order, put all the figures into boxes. Children - first examine the boxes and determine which of them should be put in. Then they lay out the figures in boxes, correlating their shape with the contour image.

In such a game, children learn to group geometric shapes, abstracting from color and size.

Game "Find your house". Children are given geometric shapes that differ in color and size. In three hoops in different corners of the room on the floor are a circle, a square and a triangle.

“All circles live in this house,” says the teacher, “in this house, all squares, and in this, all triangles.” When everyone finds their houses, the children are invited to "walk": run around the group. At the signal of the educator (a blow to the tambourine), everyone finds their house, comparing their geometric figure with the one in the house. The game is repeated several times, with the teacher changing the places each time.

Game Find a Pair. Mittens cut out of paper lie on the table, on one of which, for example, a circle and a triangle are depicted, on the other - a circle and a square, on the third - two triangles, etc. Each of the children also has one mitten, they must find a pair of mittens for themselves, guided by the picture.

Find your shape game. The teacher makes a box out of cardboard, in which holes of a triangular, round, square shape are cut. The purpose of the lesson is to teach children to distinguish and correctly name geometric shapes.

The teacher divides the children into two groups: some have geometric shapes, selected according to the slots on the box; others have envelopes with the image of a circle, a triangle, a square. The game consists in the fact that some children drop geometric figures into the box (each into the corresponding slot), while others must choose them from the box, guided by the images on their envelopes.

In such a game, cognitive communication of children necessarily arises, due to which the speech activity of the players appears. For example, it is always important for a child not only whether he found his figure correctly, but also whether his friend found the figure correctly. At the same time, children see each other's mistakes very well: “What are you taking? You have a triangle! or “This, take this! You see: here is a square and here is a square.

All such games are valuable in that the children are faced only with a game task, and the fact that this or that program material is assimilated is known only to the teacher who organizes the lesson.

Games for middle-aged children.

The game "Wonderful bag" is well known to preschoolers. It allows you to examine the geometric shape of objects, exercise in distinguishing shapes. The bag contains models of geometric shapes. The child examines them, feels and names the figure that he wants to show.

You can complicate the game if the host gives the task to find a specific figure in a wonderful bag. In this case, the child sequentially examines several figures until he finds the right one. This version of the job is slower. Therefore, it is advisable that a wonderful bag be in the hands of each child.

The game "Wonderful Bag" can also be played with models of geometric bodies, with real objects that have a clearly defined geometric shape.

The game "Who will see more?". Various geometric shapes are randomly placed on the flannelograph. Preschoolers look at and memorize them. The leader counts to three and closes the figures. Children are asked to name as many different figures as possible that were on the flannelgraph. So that the children do not repeat the answers of their comrades, the leader can listen to each child separately. The one who remembers and names more figures wins, he becomes the leader. Continuing the game, the host changes the number of pieces.

The game "Find the same." In front of the children are cards on which three or four different geometric shapes are depicted. The teacher shows his card (or names, lists the figures on the card). Children must find the same card and pick it up.

The game "Look around" helps to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes, teaches you to find objects of a certain shape.

The game is held in the form of a competition for a personal or team championship. In this case, the group is divided into teams.

The host (it can be a teacher or a child) suggests naming round, rectangular, square, quadrangular objects, the shape of objects that do not have corners, etc. For each correct answer, the player or team receives a chip, a circle. The rules stipulate that you cannot name the same object twice. The game is played at a fast pace. At the end of the game, the results are summed up, and the winner with the most points is called.

The game "Geometric Mosaic" is designed to consolidate children's knowledge of geometric shapes, forms the ability to transform them, develops imagination and creative thinking, teaches to analyze the way the parts are arranged, make a figure, focus on a sample.

By organizing the game, the teacher takes care of uniting the children in one team in accordance with the level of their skills and abilities. Teams receive tasks of varying difficulty. To compose an image of an object from geometric shapes: work on a finished dissected sample, work on an undivided sample, work according to the conditions (to assemble a human figure - a girl in a dress), work according to one's own plan (just a person). Each team receives the same set of geometric shapes. Children must independently agree on how to complete the task, on the order of work, and choose the source material.

Each player in the team, in turn, participates in the transformation of a geometric figure, adding his own element, composing individual elements of an object from several figures. At the end of the game, children analyze their figures, find similarities and differences in solving a constructive idea.

One of the options for the game can be the performance of tasks of varying complexity at the request of the children individually.

Children's knowledge of geometric shapes is also fixed in outdoor games. Game "Find your house". Children receive one model of a geometric figure and scatter around the room. At the signal of the host, everyone gathers at their house with the image of a figure. You can complicate the game by moving the house.

Children are taught to see the geometric shape in the surrounding objects: a ball, a watermelon - a ball; plate, saucer, hoop - circle; table cover, wall, floor, ceiling, window - rectangle; square scarf; scarf - triangle; glass - cylinder; egg, zucchini - oval.

Such tasks can be recommended. Children are given several subject pictures. The teacher or child takes one of the geometric shapes at random from the wonderful bag and names it. Whoever has objects in the picture that are close to this shape (round, oval, square, rectangular, quadrangular) raises a card.

Another task. There is a picture hanging on the board, which depicts many different objects (houses, vehicles, toys, sports equipment, fruits, vegetables, furniture, dishes, etc.). Children have models of geometric shapes in their hands. The teacher points to one of the objects. The guys determine what shape this object is, show the corresponding geometric figure and name other objects of the same shape in the picture.

Exercises for recognizing and naming geometric shapes, as well as for recognizing shapes in various objects, can also be carried out in drawing, modeling, appliqué classes, during observations and excursions into nature, as well as outside classes, using the Dominoes board games loved by children, "Geometric Lotto", etc.

Games for the reconstruction of figurative and plot images from geometric shapes for children of senior preschool age.

A special place among mathematical entertainment is occupied by games for compiling planar images of objects, animals, birds, houses, ships from special sets of geometric shapes. In this case, the sets of figures are not selected arbitrarily, but are parts of a figure cut in a certain way: a square, rectangle, circle or oval. They are interesting for children and adults. Children are fascinated by the result - to compose what they saw on the sample or what they intended. They are included in the active practical activities on the selection of the method of arranging the figures in order to create a silhouette.

Game "Tangram"

"Tangram" is one of the simple games. They also call it "Puzzle made of cardboard", "Geometric constructor", etc. The game is easy to manufacture. A square 8X8 cm in size made of cardboard, plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. Using all 7 parts, tightly attaching them one to another, you can make a lot of different images according to samples and according to your own design (Fig. 1).

The success of mastering the game at preschool age depends on the level of sensory development of children. Children should know not only the names of geometric shapes, but also their properties, distinguishing features, be able to examine forms visually and tactilely-motorly, freely move them in order to obtain a new figure. They must develop the ability to analyze simple images, highlight geometric shapes in them and in surrounding objects, practically modify the figures by cutting and compose them from parts.

Successive stages of mastering the game "Tangram" in a group of children of senior preschool age.

The first stage is getting acquainted with the set of figures for the game, transforming them in order to compile a new one from 2-3 available ones.

Target. Exercise children in comparing triangles in size, composing new geometric shapes from them: squares, quadrangles, triangles.

Material: children have sets of figures for the game "Tangram", the teacher has a flannelograph and a set of figures for it.

Working process. The teacher invites the children to consider a set of figures, name them, count and determine the total number. Gives tasks:

Questions for analysis: "How many large, equal-sized triangles? How many small ones? Compare this (medium-sized) triangle with a large and small one. (It is larger than the smallest and smaller than the largest available.) How many triangles are there and what size are they?" (Two large, 2 small and 1 medium.)

2. Take 2 large triangles and make them sequentially: square, triangle, quadrilateral. One of the children makes figures on the flannelgraph. The teacher asks to name the newly received figure and say what figures it is made of.

3. From 2 small triangles, make the same figures, placing them differently in space.

4. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium-sized triangles.

Questions for analysis: "What figure will we make? How? (Let's attach the middle triangle to the large triangle or vice versa.) Show the sides and angles of the quadrangle, each individual figure."

As a result, the educator generalizes: "From triangles, you can make up new different shapes - squares, quadrangles, triangles. The figures are attached to each other on the sides." (Shows on flannelgraph.)

Target. Exercise children in the ability to compose new geometric shapes from existing ones according to the model and design.

Material: for children - sets of figures for the game "Tangram". The teacher has a flannelograph and tables with geometric figures depicted on them.

Working process. Children, having examined the figures, divide them on the instructions of the teacher into 2 groups: triangles and quadrangles.

The teacher explains that this is a set of figures for the game, it is called a puzzle or tangram; so she was named after the scientist; who invented the game. You can compose many interesting images.

Make a quadrilateral from the large and medium triangles.

Make a new shape from a square and 2 small triangles. (First - a square, then - a quadrangle.).

Make a new figure from 2 large and medium triangles. (Pentagon and quadrilateral.)

The teacher shows the tables and asks the children to make the same figures (Fig. 2). Children sequentially make figures, tell how they did it, name them. The teacher composes them on a flannelograph.

The task is given to draw up several figures according to the children's own plan.

So, at the first stage of mastering the game "Tangram", a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing children's spatial representations, elements of geometric imagination, at developing practical skills in composing new figures by attaching one of them to another, the ratio of the sides of the figures in size. Tasks are changing. Children make up new figures according to the model, oral task, plan. They are offered to complete the task in terms of presentation, and then - practically: "What figure can be made up of 2 triangles and 1 square? First say, and then compose." These exercises are preparatory to the second stage of mastering the game - drawing up silhouette figures according to dissected samples (A silhouette figure is a flat object image made up of parts of the game). The second stage of work with children is the most important for them to master more complex ways of drawing figures in the future.

Successful reconstruction of silhouette figures requires the ability to visually analyze the shape of a planar figure and its parts. In addition, when recreating a figure on a plane, it is very important to be able to mentally imagine changes in the arrangement of figures that occur as a result of their transfiguration. The simplest type of sample analysis is visual, but it is impossible without a developed ability to see the proportional ratio of the parts of the figure. The player is forced to look for a method of composing (arrangement of the components) of a silhouette figure from geometric figures, based on analysis data, in the process of testing various planned composition options.

Games for drawing silhouette figures according to dissected samples (the second stage of work) should be effectively used by the educator not only for the purpose of exercising in the arrangement of parts of the figure being composed, but also in introducing children to the visual and mental analysis of the sample.

Children are shown a dissected sample (hare) (Fig. 3) and explain the goal: to make the same: Despite the apparent ease of "copying" the method of spatial arrangement of parts, children make mistakes in connecting figures on the sides, in a proportional ratio. Errors are explained by the fact that independent analysis of the location of parts is not available to children of this age. They find it difficult to determine and name the relative magnitude of the constituent parts, dimensional ratios.

So, instead of a large triangle, children can place a medium-sized triangle and notice an error only after an adult indicates. Thus, based on the characteristics of the analysis and practical actions of children, it is possible to determine the content of the work at the second stage of the deployment of games: this is the assimilation by children of the analysis plan of the presented sample, starting with the main parts, and the expression of the speech of the method of connection and spatial arrangement of parts.

The analysis is followed by exercises in drawing up, focusing on the image. The sample is not removed, children can refer to it again in case of difficulty. It should be made in the form of a table on a piece of paper and equal in size to the silhouette figure obtained as a result of compiling a set of figures for the game from the children's existing set. This facilitates the analysis and comparison (verification) of the reconstructed image with the sample in the first lessons. In the following lessons, as you gain experience in drawing figures, there is no need to adhere to this rule.

A more complex and interesting activity for children is the recreation of figures based on contour patterns (undivided) - the third stage of mastering the game, which is accessible to children 6-7 years old, provided they are trained (Fig. 4).

Reconstruction of figures according to contour patterns requires a visual division of the form of a particular figure into its component parts, i.e. into those geometric figures from which it is composed. It is possible under the condition of the correct arrangement of some components relative to others, compliance with their proportional ratio in size. Reconstruction is carried out during the selection (search) of the compilation method based on a preliminary analysis and subsequent practical actions aimed at verifying various ways mutual arrangement of parts. At this stage of education, one of the main tasks is to develop in children the ability to analyze the shape of a planar figure according to its contour image, combinatorial abilities.

In the transition from drawing up silhouette figures according to dissected samples to drawing up according to samples without specifying the constituent parts, it is important to show the children that it is difficult to make a figure on a plane without a preliminary careful examination of the sample. Children are offered to make 1-2 figures of silhouettes according to contour samples from among those that they had previously compiled according to dissected samples. The process of drawing up the figure in this case takes place on the basis of the formed representation and the visual analysis of the sample carried out at the beginning of the lesson. Such exercises provide a transition to the reconstruction of figures according to more complex patterns.

Considering that it is difficult for children to accurately indicate the location of the constituent parts in the analyzed undivided sample, it is necessary to offer them to conduct a presumptive analysis of the sample. At the same time, everyone analyzes the sample on their own, after which several options for the arrangement of parts are heard, the correctness or fallacy of which the teacher does not confirm. This encourages practical verification of the results of a preliminary analysis of the arrangement of parts in the figure being composed, the search for new ways of spatial arrangement of constituent elements.

The games of composing figures-silhouettes according to the samples are followed by exercises in composing images according to one's own plan. In the lesson, children are asked to remember what flat figures they learned to make and make them. Each of the children makes 3-4 figures in turn. These classes also include an element of creativity. When transferring the form of some silhouette figures, children reproduce the general outlines of the form, and the constituent elements of individual parts are arranged somewhat differently than they did previously according to the model.

In games of independently inventing and composing silhouette figures, children, having decided to compose an image, mentally, in terms of representation, divide it into its component parts, correlating them with the shape of tangrams., Then compose. Children come up with and make up interesting silhouette figures that can be used to supplement the stock of samples for the game "Tangram".

Puzzle game "Pythagoras"

(Puzzle "Pythagoras" is produced by the industry with a set of samples attached to it)

In working with children 6-7 years old, the game is used to develop mental activity, spatial representation, imagination, ingenuity and quick wits.

Description of the game. A 7X7 cm square is cut so that 7 geometric shapes are obtained: 2 squares of different sizes, 2 small triangles, 2 large ones (in comparison with small ones) and 1 quadrilateral (parallelogram). Children call this quadrilateral figure (Fig. 5).

The goal of the game is to compose of 7 geometric shapes - parts of the game, flat images: silhouettes of buildings, objects, animals.

The set for the game is represented by figures. Therefore, the game can be used by the teacher in teaching children in the classroom in order to consolidate ideas about geometric shapes, ways to modify them by compiling new geometric shapes from 2-3 available ones.

Introducing children to the game "Pythagoras" begins with familiarization with the set of figures that will be required for the game. It is necessary to consider all geometric shapes, count, name them, compare in size, group, selecting all triangles, quadrangles. After that, invite the children to make new ones from the set of figures. From 2 large, and then small triangles, make a square, triangle, quadrilateral. In this case, the newly obtained figures are equal in size to those in the set. So, from 2 large triangles, a quadrilateral of the same size is obtained, a square equal in size to a large square. It is necessary to help children notice this similarity of figures, compare them in size not only by eye, but also by superimposing one figure on another. After that, you can make more complex geometric shapes - from 3, 4 parts. For example, make a rectangle from 2 small triangles and a small square; from a parallelogram, 2 large triangles and a large square - a rectangle.

Taking into account the experience gained by children in the process of mastering the game "Tangram", the teacher, in the course of teaching a new game, uses a number of methodological techniques that contribute to the manifestation of children's interest in it, helping children quickly master new game while showing creativity and initiative. At the lesson, the teacher offers the children samples to choose from - dissected and contour. Each of the children can choose a pattern of their choice and make a figure. The teacher points out that it is more difficult and interesting to make a silhouette figure according to a model without specifying the components. In this case, you must independently find a way to arrange the parts (Fig. 6).

In the process of guiding the activities of children in drawing up silhouette figures, the teacher uses a variety of methods to help maintain children's interest, stimulating active mental activity.

1. In case of difficulty in drawing up a silhouette figure according to an undivided sample, offer the child a sample indicating the location of the 1st and 2nd parts of the game from the given 7 parts. The rest the child arranges independently. So, in the silhouette of the fungus, the location of one of the large triangles is indicated. In the house - a large square and a triangle (Fig. 7). In this case, the solution to the problem of drawing up a figure is partially suggested to the child by adults. This affects the effectiveness of drawing up figures, the process of finding a way to arrange them becomes shorter and more successful. Children can overlay parts of the game directly onto the pattern.

geometric figure thinking preschooler

2. An adult, observing the process of drawing up a figure by a child, confirms the correct location of the individual parts of the game.

For example, in the course of drawing up a figure-silhouette of a triangle, depending on the progress of the search for the spatial arrangement of parts, the educator indicates the correct determination of the place for triangles or squares (Fig. 8). In this case, the child operates with a smaller number of figures, independently arranging them. It also affects the success of the task.

3. Analyzing the sample, the teacher invites the child to consider it, think about how the parts of the game are located in it. Allow him to draw on paper the way the parts are arranged or make markings directly on the sample, on the board with chalk. Using Techniques graphic image, practical ways to find ways to arrange the figures makes the analysis more accurate. Children quickly guess about the method of arrangement, give their own options for composing a silhouette figure.

4. After examining the sample, i.e. visual-mental analysis of it, the teacher asks the child to talk about the method of arranging the figures. At the same time, he emphasizes that he practically checks his guess, each time discarding the wrong solutions. Such an analysis is possible under the condition of a developed analyzing perception, flexibility and mobility of thought, constant orientation to the image of the composed silhouette figure. The persistent search for new ways of combining figures leads the child to a positive result.

5. A positive assessment of the activity of searching for a way to arrange figures, carried out by children practically, mentally or in a combination of mental and practical actions is important: to encourage, approve the manifestation of ingenuity, perseverance, initiative, the desire to invent and compose a completely new figure or partially modify the sample.

6. As children master the methods of composing silhouette figures, it is appropriate to offer them tasks of a creative nature, to stimulate manifestations of ingenuity and resourcefulness. The silhouette figures newly invented and composed by the children are sketched into an individual album.

In the course of training in the classroom, children of senior preschool age (5-7 years old) quickly master games to recreate figurative, plot images from special sets of figures, which become for them one of the means of filling their leisure time.

Didactic games on the topic: "Geometric shapes"

Didactic game "Geometric Lotto"

for children from 3 to 5 years old.

Description of the game. The didactic game "Geometric Lotto" is intended for educators of the second junior and middle groups, as well as for preschoolers from 3 to 5 years. The game can be easily performed by a parent and used at home for learning to work with diagrams, developing a child's logic, imaginative thinking, cultivating perseverance and attention.
Game Ingredients: geometric shapes of different colors and sizes, schemes of objects, animals.

The game is designed both for classes with one child, and with 2-3 children.
Purpose of the game: in a playful way to teach children to distinguish between geometric shapes, colors, using the scheme, to make figures of objects and animals, to navigate in the space of the game sheet.
Game progress: It is better to start with one scheme. Let the child choose from the available geometric shapes suitable for it in color and size and put it on the diagram.
The game contains both simple and more complex diagrams, which allows you to teach a preschooler to work with diagrams, consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes, give an idea that the figures can be of different colors and sizes, develop figurative and logical thinking in him, cultivate perseverance and attentiveness .
An example of working with a schema.
1. Together with the teacher, the child examines the diagram and determines what is shown on it.
2. The geometric shapes that are on the diagram are called. Their color and size are called.
3. Selection of the necessary geometric shapes and filling in the diagram.
scheme "roly-poly"

Of course, the schemes for this game can be constantly supplemented. And at an older age, you can try to compose images without diagrams with preschoolers, on your own, inventing something of your own. That will contribute to the further development and improvement of the acquired skills.

Orientation in space

Exercise "Arrange geometric shapes on a sheet"

Take a sheet of paper and prepare cardboard geometric shapes for work.

Place a square in the upper right corner.
Put a circle in the middle of the sheet.
Place the triangle in the lower left corner.
Place the oval in the upper left corner.
Place the triangle in the lower right corner.

Dynamic pause "Count and do"
How many triangles are in the green Christmas tree
So much you immediately perform inclinations. (3)

How many oval pies are on the plate,
Perform the same number of jumps immediately. (five)

Rectangular how many glasses for guests,
Do as many squats as quickly as possible. (4)

There are many round vases on the shelf.
Clap your hands so many times. (one)

How many square flags were hung for us
So many turns now. (2)

Game NAME THE STREETS OF THE CITY

Target:

Summarize children's knowledge about known signs: color, shape, size;

Introduce children to a new activity - modeling.

Equipment:

colored markers;

plates: "Color", "Shape", "Size".

The teacher shows the main city of the country Geometry, made using the application:

This city is still very young. All the figures in this city settled along the streets, but did not have time to give them names. Let's help them. I wonder what you can call the first street going from top to bottom?
- Triangular.
- Why did you call her that?
- Because only triangles live on it.

- Form.
- What is their shape?
- Triangular.
- What can be drawn on the plate of this street?
- Triangle.
- Right!

On top of the tablet, the teacher draws a triangle. The same work is carried out for all other streets going from top to bottom.

What is the name of this street? (Shows the upper street running from left to right.)
- Red.
- Why did you call her that?
- Because all the figures on this street are red.
How are all these figures similar?
- Color.
- What will we draw on the plate?

The children are a little confused, but then they realize that they need to draw a shapeless red spot. All remaining streets are dealt with in the same way.

Now tell me, what are all these figures? (Shows all the small figures.)
- Small ones.
- And the rest?
- Large.
- How are they different?
- Size.
- And so let's remember once again by what features all the figures living in this city differ.
- By shape, color and size.

Three signs are hung out, and the children themselves try to explain why these signs are depicted on these signs:

Game GUESS THE FIGURE BY THE RIDDLE

Target:

development of analytical and synthetic activity based on the ability to characterize a figure by known features and find a figure by its characteristic.

1 option- an application from the last game is used to develop logic.

The teacher, using the tablets “color”, “shape”, “size” and an application from the last lesson, makes a riddle about one of the inhabitants of this city. For example: "This figure is round in shape, red in color, and large in size." Children guess the riddle and show it. After that, the children themselves guess and guess riddles.

Option 2- a set of colored figures is used (for each child).

The child chooses any figure from the set with his eyes and, using the COLOR, SHAPE, SIZE signs, makes up a story about it. For example: "My figure is pentagonal in shape, green in color, and small in size." All the rest must choose the desired figure from their set and, at the command of the teacher (at the expense of “One-two-three”), show it. The child who made up the story checks.

Game SIT THE FIGURE ON YOUR FLOOR

Target:

Improving the ability to perform analysis and synthesis.

Equipment:

application at home

· bag with some figures from the set.

Before the game, you need to carefully look at the house and find out how the pieces settled. What figures live on the first floor, on the second and on the third? Red figures settled on the first floor, triangular ones on the second, and small ones on the third. The task of the children is to move the figure into the house, which they pull out of the bag.

Before you populate it, the child must tell which floor his figure can live on and why. For example, if a child draws out a small red square, then he should get the following story: "My figure can live on the third floor because it is small, and on the first floor because it is red."

Game GEOMETRIC DOMINO

Target:

Learn to find a similar figure by any sign.

Handout:

cards with all colored geometric shapes (24 pcs.).

1 option The children sit at the same table. All cards are distributed to children. The task of the children is to lay out their cards in turn, naming how his figure looks like the last one. Only in this case the child can put up his card. Whoever lays out all the pieces first wins.

Option 2- a sign by which children should expose their figure only one, and it changes all the time. For example, first you need to lay out a shape that is similar in color. The next player must lay out a figure similar in shape, the next in size, and again in color, shape and size.

Game exercise WRITE A LETTER-INSTRUCTION

Target:

Introduce children to the element of modeling action - coding the features of geometric shapes.

Equipment:

home application,

sheets with a table by the number of children.

Guys, today we will write an instruction letter for children of another group. What is a letter, you know, and what is an instruction? This is a letter that tells how to properly assemble or do something. Today we will write instructions on how to make such an application.

Children tell which figures and in what order they need to be pasted.

We have to write it all down. But, the problem is that the children of this group cannot read, so we will encrypt this letter using a table.

The teacher works on the board, and the children work on the sheets.

Tell me, what should children consider before cutting out these shapes? (Color, shape and size.) Then let's agree that in the first column we will indicate the color, and in order not to forget, we will draw an icon. In the second column we will indicate the shape, we will draw an icon for the shape, and in the third column we will indicate the size - we will draw the size icon. We will designate everything small as a small house, and everything large as a large one.

Let's encrypt in order all the shapes that need to be cut and pasted.

Children, together with the teacher, encrypt all the figures, except for the last one. The children encrypt the last figure on their own. As a result, the children receive such a letter-instruction.

Game exercise COMPARE TWO FIGURES

Target:

bring children to the need to highlight the basis of comparison when comparing two figures;

To acquaint children with the algorithm of the comparison action.

Equipment:

cards with signs of geometric shapes,

A set of colored figures according to the number of children.

Guys, one week ago, there was an argument between two boys. One boy said that these two figures are the same, and the other - different. (Shows two circles that differ in color.) Which one do you think is right?
- Both are right, because they are the same in shape and size, but they are different in color.
- So what will determine the correctness of the answer? ... Probably, on what basis we will compare them? Now I will show you two more figures. How are these shapes similar and how are they different? (Cards with signs of figures hang on the board.)

Working with a set of colored shapes:

Show two figures that are similar only in color; only form; only in size.
Show the two most dissimilar figures.
- Choose any two figures from the set and make up a story about them, that is, tell us how they differ and how they are similar.

Game ROAD FROM FIGURES

Target:

Improvement of the comparison action.

Handout:

Islands made of cardboard

models of three heroes,

sets of colored geometric shapes according to the number of children.

The game is played on the carpet. The carpet is a big swamp. The task of the children is to help any three heroes to cross this swamp. There are islands in the middle of the swamp. Children, laying out a path between islands of colored geometric shapes, help each hero individually.

For the first hero, you need to lay out the path so that neighboring figures must necessarily differ in color. Before the hero walks along the path, the correctness of the laid out path is checked by the teacher or one of the children. For the second hero, adjacent figures must differ in color and shape, and for the third - in color, shape and size.

Game LEARN THE PIECE

Target:

Improving the action of analysis and synthesis;

Formation of the concept of the negation of a certain attribute.

Handout:

a set of colored geometric shapes,

Three cards (on the one hand - plus, on the other - minus).

First you need to remember the first question. Is the figure a circle?

So that the children do not forget the question, a circle is drawn on the board. What can be the answer? "Yes or no".

You will show the answer "yes" with a card with a "+" sign, and the answer "no" - with a "-" sign. Now I will show you the figure, and you will answer this question with the help of a card.
- And now, on the contrary, I will answer this question myself, and you will show a figure that is suitable for this answer.

On the board, the teacher draws a “plus” and then a “minus”.

Now the game is complicated by the second question. Is the figure red? (A red spot is drawn on the board.) And now you will need to answer two questions at once - with two cards, laying them out on the desk.

The principle of the game is the same: first, a figure is shown to the children, they, in turn, answer two questions with the help of cards, then the teacher draws codes for different answers (+ -; ++; + -; -), and the children show the desired figure.

The game is then complicated by the third question: "Is the piece large?"

Possible codes: (+++) (++-) (+-) (+-+) (-) (-+-).

Game exercise WHAT IS SUPERB?

Target:

· development of analytical and synthetic activity based on the ability to make generalizations.

In all three options, children must not only find an extra figure, but also answer two questions:

Why is she redundant?
How is this character different from all the others?

Pum pum game

Number of participants: 6-7 people.

Handout: set of colored geometric shapes

2 squares: one large yellow, the other small red;

· 2 pentagons: big red, small yellow;

2 triangles: big yellow and small red

The children are seated in a circle. All children are given figures. The figures are best placed in front of the children. The driver leaves the room (if 7 people play, then this is a child without a figure, and if 6, then he gives his figure to the teacher). The rest at this time think of some property, which will be the so-called "pum-pum".

For example: all yellow pieces. The driver, approaching each of the children, asks: “Do you have a pum-pum?” If his figure is yellow, then he answers: "Yes", and if not yellow, then - "No." After listening to each person who answered this question, the facilitator must guess which property is the very “pum-pum”. After that, another player becomes the driver.